Table 3. Succinic acid production of microbe species.
Knock-out or over-expression genes: ldhA , lactate dehydrogenase 1; pyc , pyruvate carboxylase; xylA, xylose isomerase; xylB, xylulose kinase; gapA , glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A; pntAB , membrane-bound transhydrogenase; ecaA , carbonic anhydrase; pepc , phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase; pqo , pyruvate:menaquinone oxidoreductase; cat , acetyl-CoA:-CoA transferase; ackA , acetate kinase; ppc , phosphoen+olpyruvate carboxylase; aceA , isocitrate lyase;aceB , malate synthase; sucE , succinic acid transporter;gltA , citrate synthase; Ylsdh5 , succinate dehydrogenase E;adhE , aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenase; pflB , pyruvate formate-lyase; mgsA , methylglyoxal synthase; ptsG , glucose transporter; poxB , pyruvate/ubiquinone oxidoreductase;pck , phosphoenolpyruvate caboxylkinase; fum , fumarase;mdh , malate dehydrogenase; sucE , succinic acid transporter
DDAP, diluted acid pretreatment