Figure 1. Geographical location of Nanchang City, China
Figure 2.Pathogen spectrum of HFMD in Nanchang during 2010-2022. (A) Monthly curve of EV-positive HFMD cases, black arrows indicate biennial peak around May from 2010 to 2022, red dotted peaks are inserted as possible prediction; (B) Time line of three waves of local COVID-19 outbreaks and monthly curve of CVA6-, CVA10-, CVA16- and UEV-infected cases in Nanchang from 2019 to 2022. 1st outbreak: January 24 to March 11, 2020; 2nd outbreak: March 16 to May 5, 2022; 3rd outbreak: December 2022; (C) Observed HFMD case counts in Nanchang from 2010 to 2020, compared with the fitted (2010-2019) and predicted (2020) case counts obtained using the ARIMA models in the absence of COVID-19 outbreaks. The light-purple shaded part indicates the observed (black) and estimated (white) case counts from early January to the end of December 2020; (D) Zoom-in view of the estimated case counts of 2020. The dotted line indicates 95% CI.