Figure Legends
Figure 1. Map of observation locations for mitochondrial (A: π, B: Hd ) and nuclear (C: He ) genetic diversity. Populations were binned into 500 km x 500 km equal-area grid cells and the mean species-wide genetic diversity within each cell was plotted on a Mollweide projection. Rug plots on the x- and y-axes illustrate the latitudinal and longitudinal sampling locations.
Figure 2. Relationship between absolute latitude and genetic diversity (A: mitochondrial π; B: mitochondrialHd ; C: nuclear microsatelliteHe ). Gray line represents the predicted relationship based on the mixed effects model with shaded 95% confidence intervals. Blue-gray violin plots show the distribution of genetic diversity binned every 10°, with the dark points representing the medians in every 10° band.
Figure 3. Relationship between longitude and genetic diversity (A: mitochondrial π; B: mitochondrial Hd ; C: nuclear microsatellite He ). Gray line represents the predicted relationship based on the mixed effects model with shaded 95% confidence intervals. Blue circles represent median diversity binned every 10° with median average deviation (MAD) error bars. Green highlighted region represents the Coral Triangle (longitudes 95 - 165).
Figure 4. A-C: Relationship between mean sea surface temperature (SST) (A, B, C) or mean chlorophyll-a concentration (D, E, F) and genetic diversity (A, D: mitochondrial π; B, E: mitochondrialHd ; C, F: nuclear microsatelliteHe ). Black line represents the predicted relationship based on the mixed effects model with shaded 95% confidence intervals. Rug plots on the x-axis illustrate the SST or chlorophyll-a sampling extent. Mean chlorophyll-a concentration is plotted on a common logarithm scale.
Table 1. Mitochondrial DNA (π and Hd ) model results for latitude and longitude. Standardized model coefficients are reported, along with ΔAIC compared to the null model (model AIC - null AIC) and R2 values (R2C = conditional R2, considers all fixed and random effects; R2M = marginal R2, considers only fixed effects). Model coefficients represent normal slopes for mtDNA π and log odds for mtDNA Hd . For the null models, AIC is also reported in parentheses. The top model (with the lowest AIC) is bolded, while the null model is highlighted in gray. For latitude, latitude and latitude2 were included as predictors in the same model(s). For longitude, the b-spline basis function coefficients are reported (1-3), each on a different line.