Conclusions
This study provides comprehensive insights into the complex evolutionary
dynamics of Taiwanese Scutellaria species. A combination of
factors, including hybridization, introgression, and climate-driven
selection, influenced their origins and adaptations. The intricate
interplay between ex situ and in situ speciation
processes, driven by allopatric and sympatric modes, shaped the
diversity within the island. Frequent hybridization events contributed
to genetic diversity and facilitated in situ speciation,
broadening ecological potential and enhancing adaptation to diverse
habitats. Local climate heterogeneity also played a pivotal role,
allowing genetically distinct yet ecologically similar species to
hybridize and adapt to changing environments. The hybridization events
occasionally blurred species boundaries but simultaneously transferred
adaptive genes, further aiding survival and adaptation. The genetic
composition of these species reflects a complex interplay of historical
demographic events and climate factors. By investigating the genetic
basis of adaptation, hybridization, and introgression, this study
highlights the complex mechanisms driving the evolution ofScutellaria species within the unique ecological context of
Taiwan.