Conclusions
Myeloid sarcoma of the temporal bone is a rare finding that can occur either independently or in the context of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. It is a diagnostic challenge and can often mimic other disorders, such as otologic infections, presenting with non-specific clinical and imaging findings. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain a high level of suspicion, particularly in patients with a history of neoplastic disease. Biopsy, followed by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry and molecular analyses, should ideally be performed in every patient with myeloid sarcoma, whether it is isolated or concurrent with systemic disease. These diagnostic procedures are not only essential for an accurate differential diagnosis, but may also aid in proper risk stratification, identification of mutational discordance and optimization of treatment strategies.
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