Conclusions
Myeloid sarcoma of the temporal bone is a rare finding that can occur
either independently or in the context of relapsed acute myeloid
leukemia. It is a diagnostic challenge and can often mimic other
disorders, such as otologic infections, presenting with non-specific
clinical and imaging findings. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain a
high level of suspicion, particularly in patients with a history of
neoplastic disease. Biopsy, followed by immunohistochemistry, flow
cytometry and molecular analyses, should ideally be performed in every
patient with myeloid sarcoma, whether it is isolated or concurrent with
systemic disease. These diagnostic procedures are not only essential for
an accurate differential diagnosis, but may also aid in proper risk
stratification, identification of mutational discordance and
optimization of treatment strategies.
Figures and legends