References
1. Yang L, Fu J, Zhou Y. Research Progress in Atopic March. Front Immunol . 2020;11:1907. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01907
2. Langan SM, Irvine AD, Weidinger S. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet . Aug 1 2020;396(10247):345-360. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31286-1
3. Weidinger S, Novak N. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet . Mar 12 2016;387(10023):1109-1122. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00149-x
4. Brough HA, Nadeau KC, Sindher SB, et al. Epicutaneous sensitization in the development of food allergy: What is the evidence and how can this be prevented? Allergy . Sep 2020;75(9):2185-2205. doi:10.1111/all.14304
5. Tsuge M, Ikeda M, Matsumoto N, Yorifuji T, Tsukahara H. Current Insights into Atopic March. Children (Basel) . Nov 19 2021;8(11)doi:10.3390/children8111067
6. Čepelak I, Dodig S, Pavić I. Filaggrin and atopic march.Biochem Med (Zagreb) . Jun 15 2019;29(2):020501. doi:10.11613/bm.2019.020501
7. Paternoster L, Savenije OEM, Heron J, et al. Identification of atopic dermatitis subgroups in children from 2 longitudinal birth cohorts.J Allergy Clin Immunol . Mar 2018;141(3):964-971. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.09.044
8. Lopez DJ, Lodge CJ, Bui DS, et al. Establishing subclasses of childhood eczema, their risk factors and prognosis. Clin Exp Allergy . Mar 29 2022;doi:10.1111/cea.14139
9. Arima T, Shiko Y, Kawasaki Y, et al. Phenotypes of atopic dermatitis up to 36 months of age by latent class analysis and associated factors in Japan. Asia Pac Allergy . Jan 2022;12(1):e2. doi:10.5415/apallergy.2022.12.e2
10. Mulick AR, Mansfield KE, Silverwood RJ, et al. Four childhood atopic dermatitis subtypes identified from trajectory and severity of disease and internally validated in a large UK birth cohort. Br J Dermatol . Sep 2021;185(3):526-536. doi:10.1111/bjd.19885
11. Scholtens S, Smidt N, Swertz MA, et al. Cohort Profile: LifeLines, a three-generation cohort study and biobank. Int J Epidemiol . Aug 2015;44(4):1172-80. doi:10.1093/ije/dyu229
12. Westerlaken-van Ginkel CD, Vonk JM, Flokstra-de Blok BMJ, Sprikkelman AB, Koppelman GH, Dubois AEJ. Likely questionnaire-diagnosed food allergy in 78, 890 adults from the northern Netherlands. PLoS One . 2020;15(5):e0231818. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231818
13. Silverberg JI, Simpson EL. Association between severe eczema in children and multiple comorbid conditions and increased healthcare utilization. Pediatr Allergy Immunol . Aug 2013;24(5):476-86. doi:10.1111/pai.12095
14. Rangkakulnuwat P, Lao-Araya M. The prevalence and temporal trends of food allergy among preschool children in Northern Thailand between 2010 and 2019. World Allergy Organ J . Oct 2021;14(10):100593. doi:10.1016/j.waojou.2021.100593
15. de Jong NW, Elbert NJ, Mensink-Bout SM, et al. Parental and child factors associated with inhalant and food allergy in a population-based prospective cohort study: the Generation R Study. Eur J Pediatr . Oct 2019;178(10):1507-1517. doi:10.1007/s00431-019-03441-5
16. Tran MM, Lefebvre DL, Dharma C, et al. Predicting the atopic march: Results from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development Study.J Allergy Clin Immunol . Feb 2018;141(2):601-607.e8. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.024
17. von Kobyletzki LB, Bornehag CG, Hasselgren M, Larsson M, Lindström CB, Svensson Å. Eczema in early childhood is strongly associated with the development of asthma and rhinitis in a prospective cohort.BMC Dermatol . Jul 27 2012;12:11. doi:10.1186/1471-5945-12-11
18. Schoos AM, Chawes BL, Bønnelykke K, Stokholm J, Rasmussen MA, Bisgaard H. Increasing severity of early-onset atopic dermatitis, but not late-onset, associates with development of aeroallergen sensitization and allergic rhinitis in childhood. Allergy . Apr 2022;77(4):1254-1262. doi:10.1111/all.15108
19. Yamamoto-Hanada K, Suzuki Y, Yang L, et al. Persistent eczema leads to both impaired growth and food allergy: JECS birth cohort. PLoS One . 2021;16(12):e0260447. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260447
20. Lowe AJ, Angelica B, Su J, et al. Age at onset and persistence of eczema are related to subsequent risk of asthma and hay fever from birth to 18 years of age. Pediatr Allergy Immunol . Jun 2017;28(4):384-390. doi:10.1111/pai.12714
21. Jeon YH, Ahn K, Kim J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Atopic Dermatitis in Korean School-Aged Children and Adolescents According to Onset Age and Severity. J Korean Med Sci . Jan 24 2022;37(4):e30. doi:10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e30
22. Chiu CY, Yang CH, Su KW, et al. Early-onset eczema is associated with increased milk sensitization and risk of rhinitis and asthma in early childhood. J Microbiol Immunol Infect . Dec 2020;53(6):1008-1013. doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2019.04.007
23. Shoda T, Futamura M, Yang L, et al. Timing of eczema onset and risk of food allergy at 3 years of age: A hospital-based prospective birth cohort study. J Dermatol Sci . Nov 2016;84(2):144-148. doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.08.003
24. Tham EH, Rajakulendran M, Lee BW, Van Bever HPS. Epicutaneous sensitization to food allergens in atopic dermatitis: What do we know?Pediatr Allergy Immunol . Jan 2020;31(1):7-18. doi:10.1111/pai.13127
25. Wärnberg Gerdin S, Lie A, Asarnoj A, et al. Impaired skin barrier and allergic sensitization in early infancy. Allergy . Nov 5 2021;doi:10.1111/all.15170
26. Lack G. Epidemiologic risks for food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol . Jun 2008;121(6):1331-6. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.04.032
27. Simpson A, Brough HA, Haider S, Belgrave D, Murray CS, Custovic A. Early-life inhalant allergen exposure, filaggrin genotype, and the development of sensitization from infancy to adolescence. J Allergy Clin Immunol . Mar 2020;145(3):993-1001. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2019.08.041
28. De Marchi F, Piacentini GL, Piazza M, Sandri M, Boner AL, Peroni DG. Correlation of skin barrier impairment in atopic dermatitis with aeroallergen sensitization. Allergy Asthma Proc . Nov-Dec 2015;36(6):e127-33. doi:10.2500/aap.2015.36.3872
29. Du Toit G, Foong RX, Lack G. Prevention of food allergy - Early dietary interventions. Allergol Int . Oct 2016;65(4):370-377. doi:10.1016/j.alit.2016.08.001
30. Johansson E, Hershey GKK. Contribution of an impaired epithelial barrier to the atopic march. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol . Feb 2018;120(2):118-119. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2017.11.008
31. Natsume O, Ohya Y. Recent advancement to prevent the development of allergy and allergic diseases and therapeutic strategy in the perspective of barrier dysfunction. Allergol Int . Jan 2018;67(1):24-31. doi:10.1016/j.alit.2017.11.003
32. Egawa G, Kabashima K. Barrier dysfunction in the skin allergy.Allergol Int . Jan 2018;67(1):3-11. doi:10.1016/j.alit.2017.10.002
33. Kelleher MM, Cro S, Cornelius V, et al. Skin care interventions in infants for preventing eczema and food allergy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev . Feb 5 2021;2(2):Cd013534. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013534.pub2
34. Belgrave DC, Granell R, Simpson A, et al. Developmental profiles of eczema, wheeze, and rhinitis: two population-based birth cohort studies.PLoS Med . Oct 2014;11(10):e1001748. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001748
35. Haider S, Fontanella S, Ullah A, et al. Evolution of Eczema, Wheeze and Rhinitis from Infancy to Early Adulthood: Four Birth Cohort Studies.Am J Respir Crit Care Med . Jun 9 2022;doi:10.1164/rccm.202110-2418OC
36. Hill DA, Grundmeier RW, Ram G, Spergel JM. The epidemiologic characteristics of healthcare provider-diagnosed eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy in children: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr . Aug 20 2016;16:133. doi:10.1186/s12887-016-0673-z
37. Gupta RS, Springston EE, Warrier MR, et al. The prevalence, severity, and distribution of childhood food allergy in the United States. Pediatrics . Jul 2011;128(1):e9-17. doi:10.1542/peds.2011-0204
38. Sultész M, Horváth A, Molnár D, et al. Prevalence of allergic rhinitis, related comorbidities and risk factors in schoolchildren.Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol . Nov 11 2020;16(1):98. doi:10.1186/s13223-020-00495-1
39. Peters RL, Koplin JJ, Gurrin LC, et al. The prevalence of food allergy and other allergic diseases in early childhood in a population-based study: HealthNuts age 4-year follow-up. J Allergy Clin Immunol . Jul 2017;140(1):145-153.e8. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.02.019
40. Keet C, Pistiner M, Plesa M, et al. Age and eczema severity, but not family history, are major risk factors for peanut allergy in infancy.J Allergy Clin Immunol . Mar 2021;147(3):984-991.e5. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.033