References:
  1. Wendelboe AM, Raskob GE. Global burden of thrombosis: epidemiologic aspects. Circ Res 2016; 118:1340–1347.
  2. Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, et al . Management of acute pulmonary embolism of the European Society of, C. (2019). 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS): The Task Force for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).Eur Respir J. 2019; Oct 9;54(3):1901647. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01647-2019.
  3. Dickson BC. Venous thrombosis: on the history of Virchow’s triad. Univ Toronto Med J 2004; 81:166.
  4. Bagot CN, Arya R. Virchow and his triad: a question of attribution. Br J Haematol 2008; 143:180.
  5. Zhang R, Dong L, Shao F, Tan X, Ying K. Antipsychotics and venous thromboembolism risk: a meta-analysis. Pharmacopsychiatry 2011;44:183–8.
  6. Chapelle C, Quenet S, Delavenne X, Lacut K, Mismetti P, Laporte S, et al.Antipsychotics: a real or confounding risk factor for venous thromboembolism Pharmacopsychiatry 2013;46:36–7
  7. Hägg S, Spigset O. Antipsychotic-induced venous tromboembolism: a review of the evidence. CNS Drugs 2002;16:765-76.
  8. Duggirala, H. J. et al. Use of data mining at the Food and Drug Administration. J. Am. Med. Inform. Assoc. 23, 428–434 (2016).
  9. Evans, S. J., Waller, P. C. & Davis, S. Use of proportional reporting ratios (PRRs) for signal generation from spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 10, 483–486 (2001)
  10. McGrath J, Saha S, Chant D. Schizophrenia: a concise overview of incidence, prevalence, and mortality. Epidemiol Rev. 2008;30:67.
  11. FDA. FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) quarterly data extract files. 2021; https:// fis. fda. gov/ exten sions/ FPD- QDEFAERS/FPD- QDE- FAERS. html. Accessed 29 Jan 2021.
  12. Chunyan Wei , Ying Liu, Aidou Jiang, et al.A pharmacovigilance study of the association between tetracyclines and hepatotoxicity based on Food and Drug Administration adverse event reporting system dataInt J Clin Pharm.2022.44:709–716
  13. Xu H, Stenner SP, Doan S, et al. MedEx: a medication information extraction system for clinical narratives. J Am Med Inform Assoc.2010;17(1):19–24.
  14. Bin Wu, Dan Li, Ting Xu, et al.Proton pump inhibitors associated acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease: data mining of US FDA adverse event reportingsystem.Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 11;11(1):3690. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-83099-y.
  15. Jönsson AK, Brudin L, Ahlner J, Hedenmalm K, Ericsson A, Hägg S. Antipsychotics associated with pulmonary embolism in a Swedish medicolegal autopsy series.Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2008;23:263-8.
  16. Jönsson AK, Horváth-Puhó E, Hägg S, Pedersen L, Sorensen HT. Antipsychotics andrisk of venous thromboembolism: A population based case–control study. Clin Epidemiol 2009;1:19-26.
  17. Lacut K, Le Gal G, Couturaud F, Cornily G, Leroyer C, Mottier D, et al. Association between antipsychotic drugs, antidepressant drugs and venous thrmoboembolism:results from the EDITH case–control study. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2007;21:643-50.
  18. Waage IM, Gedde-DahlA.Pulmonary embolism possiblyassociated with olanzapinetreatment. BMJ 2003;327:384.
  19. Kamijo Y, Soma K, Nagai T, Kurihara K, Ohwada T. Acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism associated with risperidone and convetional phenothiazines.Circ J 2003;67:46-8.
  20. Borras L, Eytan A, de Timary P, Constant EL, Huguelet P, Hermans C. Pulmonary thromboembolism associated with olanzapine and risperidone. J Emerg Med 2007;35:159-61.
  21. Malý R, Masopust J, Hosák L, Urban A. Four cases of venous thromboembolism associated with olanzapine. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009;63:116-8.
  22. Hägg S, Tatting P, Spigset O. Olanzapine and venous thromboembolism. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2003;18:299-300.
  23. Applebaum J, Shimon H, Sela BA, Belmaker RH, Levine J. Homocysteine levels in newly admitted schizophrenic patients. J Psychiatr Res 2004;38:413-6.
  24. Walsh MT, Ryan M, Hillmann A, Condren R, Kenny D, Dinan T, et al. Elevated expression of integrin alpha(IIb) beta(IIIa) in drug-naïve, first episode schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry 2002;52:874-9.
  25. Masopust J, Malý R, Andrýs C, Vališ M, Bažant J, Hosák L. Markers of thrombogenesisare activated in unmedicated patients with acute psychosis: a matched case controlstudy. BMC Psychiatry 2011;11:2.
  26. Kunutsor SK, Seidu S and Khunti K. Depression, antidepressant use, and risk of venous thromboembolism: systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational evidence. Ann Med 2018; 50: 529-537. 2018/07/14. DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2018.1500703.
  27. Letmaier M, Grohmann R, Kren C, et al. Venous thromboembolism during treatment with antipsychotics: Results of a drug surveillance programme. World J Biol Psychiatry 2018; 19: 175-186.DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2017.1285048.
  28. Charlson FJ, Ferrari AJ, Santomauro DF, et al. Global Epidemiology and Burden of Schizophrenia: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Schizophr Bull 2018;44: 1195-1203. DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sby058.
  29. Cécile Tromeur, Francis Couturaud. ntipsychotic drugs and venous thromboembolism.Thrombosis Research 130 (2012) S29–S31.