References:
  1. Ahmed, A., Ali, Y., Elduma, A., Eldigail, M.H., Mhmoud, R.A., Mohamed, N.S., Ksiazek, T.G., Dietrich, I. and Weaver, S.C., 2020. Unique outbreak of Rift Valley fever in Sudan, 2019. Emerging infectious diseases, 26(12), p.3030.
  2. Gaudreault, N.N., Indran, S.V., Balaraman, V., Wilson, W.C. and Richt, J.A., 2019. Molecular aspects of Rift Valley fever virus and the emergence of reassortants. Virus genes, 55, pp.1-11.
  3. Ahmed, A., Dietrich, I., LaBeaud, A.D., Lindsay, S.W., Musa, A. and Weaver, S.C., 2020. Risks and challenges of arboviral diseases in Sudan: the urgent need for actions. Viruses, 12(1), p.81.
  4. Ageep, T.B., Damiens, D., Alsharif, B., Ahmed, A., Salih, E.H., Ahmed, F.T., Diabaté, A., Lees, R.S., Gilles, J.R. and El Sayed, B.B., 2014. Participation of irradiated Anopheles arabiensis males in swarms following field release in Sudan. Malaria journal, 13(1), pp.1-11.
  5. Elagali, A., Ahmed, A., Makki, N., Ismail, H., Ajak, M., Alene, K.A., Weiss, D.J., Mohammed, A.A., Abubakr, M., Cameron, E. and Gething, P., 2022. Spatiotemporal mapping of malaria incidence in Sudan using routine surveillance data. Scientific Reports, 12(1), pp.1-13.
  6. Ahmed A, Eldigail M, Elduma A, et al. First report of epidemic dengue fever and malaria co-infections among internally displaced persons in humanitarian camps of North Darfur, Sudan. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2021; 108: 513–6.
  7. Ahmed A, Elduma A, Magboul B, Higazi T, Ali Y. The First Outbreak of Dengue Fever in Greater Darfur, Western Sudan. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 2019; 4: 43.
  8. Ahmed A, Ali Y, Elmagboul B, et al. Dengue Fever in the Darfur Area, Western Sudan. Emerging Infect Dis 2019; 25: 2126.
  9. Ahmed A, Ali Y, Mohamed NS. Arboviral diseases: the emergence of a major yet ignored public health threat in Africa. The Lancet Planetary Health 2020; 4: e555.
  10. Ahmed A, Abubakr M, Sami H, Mahdi I, Mohamed NS, Zinsstag J. The First Molecular Detection of Aedes albopictus in Sudan Associates with Increased Outbreaks of Chikungunya and Dengue. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2022; 23: 11802.
  11. Ahmed A, Ali Y, Salim B, Dietrich I, Zinsstag J. Epidemics of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Sudan between 2010 and 2020. Microorganisms 2022; 10: 928.
  12. Findlay, G.J., Stefanopoulo, G.M. and Mac Callum, F., 1936. Présence d’anticorps contre la fievre de la vallée du Rift dans le sang des africains. Bull Soc Pathol Exot, 29, pp.986-996
  13. Ahmed A, Mahmoud I, Eldigail M, Elhassan RM, Weaver SC. The Emergence of Rift Valley Fever in Gedaref State Urges the Need for a Cross-Border One Health Strategy and Enforcement of the International Health Regulations. Pathogens 2021; 10: 885.
  14. Baudin, M., Jumaa, A.M., Jomma, H.J., Karsany, M.S., Bucht, G., Näslund, J., Ahlm, C., Evander, M. and Mohamed, N., 2016. Association of Rift Valley fever virus infection with miscarriage in Sudanese women: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet Global Health4 (11), pp.e864-e871.
  15. Ahmed A, Ali Y, Siddig EE, et al. Hepatitis E Virus Outbreak among Tigray War Refugees from Ethiopia, Sudan. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28 : 1722–
  16. Mohamed NS, Osman HA, Muneer MS, et al. Identifying asymptomatic Leishmania infections in non-endemic villages in Gedaref state, Sudan. BMC Research Notes 2019; 12 : 566.
  17. Mohamed NS, Ali Y, Muneer MS, Siddig EE, Sibley CH, Ahmed A. Malaria epidemic in humanitarian crisis settings the case of South Kordofan state, Sudan. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries2021; 15 : 168–71.
  18. Hemming-Schroeder, E. and Ahmed, A., 2022. Anopheles stephensi in Africa: vector control opportunities for cobreeding An. stephensi and Aedes arbovirus vectors. Trends in Parasitology .
  19. Abubakr, M., Sami, H., Mahdi, I., Altahir, O., Abdelbagi, H., Mohamed, N.S. and Ahmed, A., 2022. The phylodynamic and spread of the invasive Asian malaria vectors, Anopheles stephensi, in Sudan. Biology11 (3), p.409.
  20. Ahmed, A., Pignatelli, P., Elaagip, A., Hamid, M.M.A., Alrahman, O.F. and Weetman, D., 2021. Invasive malaria vector Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes in Sudan, 2016–2018. Emerging infectious diseases27 (11), p.2952.
  21. Ahmed, Selma K. and Elagali, Ahmed and Ali, Faiza F. and Alsagasi, Mohammed A. and Ahmed, Ayman and Elhasan, Sara Salah Mohammed and Rahman, Ahmed H. A., The Spatial Distribution and Prediction of Habitats Suitability of Some Important Aedes Species (Diptera: Culicidae) Vectors of Arboviruses in Sudan. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4339988 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4339988
  22. Ahmed, A., Mohamed, N.S., Siddig, E.E., Algaily, T., Sulaiman, S. and Ali, Y., 2021. The impacts of climate change on displaced populations: a call for action. The Journal of Climate Change and Health3 , p.100057.
  23. Aljak, E.R., Eldigail, M., Mahmoud, I., Elhassan, R.M., Elduma, A., Ibrahim, A.A., Ali, Y., Weaver, S.C. and Ahmed, A., 2021. The first laboratory-confirmed imported infections of SARS-CoV-2 in Sudan. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene115 (1), pp.103-109.
  24. Ahmed, A., Hemaida, M.A., Hagelnur, A.A., Eltigani, H.F. and Siddig, E.E., 2023. Sudden emergence and spread of cutaneous larva migrans in Sudan: A case series calls for urgent actions. IDCases , p.e01789.
  25. El-Sadig SM, El-Amin SO, El-Amin RO, Siddig EE, Ahmed A. Humanitarian Crisis in Sudan: The Collapsed Health System threats the public and global health. QJM. 2023 May 11:hcad085. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad085. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37166491.
  26. Carlson, C.J., Albery, G.F., Merow, C., Trisos, C.H., Zipfel, C.M., Eskew, E.A., Olival, K.J., Ross, N. and Bansal, S., 2022. Climate change increases cross-species viral transmission risk. Nature607 (7919), pp.555-562.
  27. Ahmed, A., 2020. Urgent call for a global enforcement of the public sharing of health emergencies data: lesson learned from serious arboviral disease epidemics in Sudan. International health12 (4), pp.238-240.
  28. Kahlon SS, Peters CJ, Leduc J, Muchiri EM, Muiruri S, Njenga MK, Breiman RF, White AC Jr, King CH. Severe Rift Valley fever may present with a characteristic clinical syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010 Mar;82(3):371-5. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0669. PMID: 20207858; PMCID: PMC2829894.
  29. Elduma AH, LaBeaud AD, A. Plante J, Plante KS, Ahmed A. High Seroprevalence of Dengue Virus Infection in Sudan: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 2020; 5: 120.
  30. Rugarabamu S, Rumisha SF, Mwanyika GO, Sindato C, Lim HY, Misinzo G, Mboera LEG. Viral haemorrhagic fevers and malaria co-infections among febrile patients seeking health care in Tanzania. Infect Dis Poverty. 2022 Apr 25;11(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s40249-022-00959-z. PMID: 35462550; PMCID: PMC9036688.
  31. Ayman Ahmed, Dr. SARAH MISBAH EL-SADIG, Hala Eltigani, et al. Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with COVID-19 and malaria coinfection: A case report. Authorea. March 01, 2023. DOI: 10.22541/au.167767321.12356900/v1
  32. Ahmed, A, Hagelnur, AA, Eltigani, HF, Siddig, EE. Cutaneous tuberculosis of the foot clinically mimicking mycetoma: A case report. Clin Case Rep . 2023; 11:e07295. doi:10.1002/ccr3.7295
  33. Ahmed, A., El‐Amin, R., Musa, A.M., Elsayed, M.A., Fahal, L.A., Ahmed, E.S., Ali, Y., Nebie, I.E., Mohamed, N.S., Zinsstag, J. and Siddig, E.E., 2023. Guillain‐Barre syndrome associated with COVID‐19 infection: A case series. Clinical Case Reports11 (2), p.e6988.
  34. Bird BH, Khristova ML, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Nichol ST. Complete genome analysis of 33 ecologically and biologically diverse Rift Valley fever virus strains reveals widespread virus movement and low genetic diversity due to recent common ancestry. Journal of virology. 2007;81(6):2805–16.
  35. Bird BH, Ksiazek TG, Nichol ST, MacLachlan NJ. Rift Valley fever virus. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2009;234(7):883–93.
  36. Anywaine Z, Lule SA, Hansen C, Warimwe G, Elliott A. Clinical manifestations of Rift Valley fever in humans: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Mar 25;16(3):e0010233. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010233. PMID: 35333856; PMCID: PMC8986116.
  37. Roper, R.L., Garzino-Demo, A., Del Rio, C., Bréchot, C., Gallo, R., Hall, W., Esparza, J., Reitz, M., Schinazi, R.F., Parrington, M. and Tartaglia, J., 2023. Monkeypox (Mpox) requires continued surveillance, vaccines, therapeutics and mitigating strategies. Vaccine .
  38. Mohamed, N.S., Ali, Y., Abdalrahman, S., Ahmed, A. and Siddig, E.E., 2022. The use of cholera oral vaccine for containment of the 2019 disease outbreak in Sudan. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene116 (9), pp.763-766.
  39. Ahmed, A., Mohamed, N.S., El-Sadig, S.M., Fahal, L.A., Abelrahim, Z.B., Ahmed, E.S. and Siddig, E.E., 2021. COVID-19 in Sudan. The journal of infection in developing countries15 (02), pp.204-208.
  40. Ahmed, A., Ali, Y., Siddig, E.E., Hamed, J., Mohamed, N.S., Khairy, A. and Zinsstag, J., 2022. Hepatitis E Virus Outbreak among Tigray War Refugees from Ethiopia, Sudan. Emerging infectious diseases, 28(8), p.1722.
  41. Ahmed, A., Mohamed, N.S., Siddig, E.E., Algaily, T., Sulaiman, S. and Ali, Y., 2021. The impacts of climate change on displaced populations: a call for action. The Journal of Climate Change and Health3 , p.100057.
  42. Zinsstag, J., Hediger, K., Osman, Y.M., Abukhattab, S., Crump, L., Kaiser-Grolimund, A., Mauti, S., Ahmed, A., Hattendorf, J., Bonfoh, B. and Heitz-Tokpa, K., 2022. The Promotion and Development of One Health at Swiss TPH and Its Greater Potential. Diseases10 (3), p.65.
  43. Ali, Y., Ahmed, A., Siddig, E.E. and Mohamed, N.S., 2022. The role of integrated programs in the prevention of COVID-19 in a humanitarian setting. Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 116(3), pp.193-196.
  44. Ahmed, A., Abubakr, M., Ali, Y., Siddig, E.E. and Mohamed, N.S., 2022. Vector control strategy for Anopheles stephensi in Africa. The Lancet Microbe3 (6), p.e403.
  45. Ahmed, A., Irish, S.R., Zohdy, S., Yoshimizu, M. and Tadesse, F.G., 2022. Strategies for conducting Anopheles stephensi surveys in non-endemic areas. Acta Tropica236 , p.106671.
  46. Ahmed, A., Yousif, A., Mohamed, N.S., Zinsstag, J., Siddig, E.E. and Khairy, A., 2023. Hepatitis E Virus Outbreak among Tigray War Refugees from Ethiopia, Sudan (Response). Emerging infectious diseases29 (2).
Figures legends :
Figure 1 . Map of Sudan shows the area of the current case study highlighted in red and the states (shaded in blue) where outbreaks of Rift Valley fever were reported during the case presentation.