2.3.2 Inflammatory regulation ability
Macrophages are innate immune cells that play a key role in host
defense, wound healing, and immune regulation.[37]In the early stages of wound, M1 can cause inflammation and resist
infection. However, after wound antibacterial procedure, it is necessary
for macrophages to transition from M1 type to M2 type as soon as
possible in order to more effectively promote the process of wound
repair. ADSCs have been proven to promote wound repair and regulate
inflammation.[38,39] Therefore, ANVs derived from
ADSCs are expected to have the ability to regulate inflammation as well.
To test this hypothesis, we used the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced M1
phenotype as a positive control, while inactivated M0 as
a negative control. As shown in Figure 2E~2G,
macrophages incubated with the ANVs or THB@ANVs expressed a significant
inhibition of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6) and promotion of
anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10). Taken together, the massively
produced functionalized THB@ANVs can preserving the wound healing effect
of original stem cells, and the cells exhibit little mutual repulsion
towards ANVs from different individuals, enabling this kind of
nanovesicles to have broad applications.