Figure 4. (A) Cell viability of HaCaT cells with different concentrations of hydrogels, n =3. (B) Cell compatibility of HaCaT cells incubated with hydrogel by live/dead staining assay, Scale bar: 100 μm. (C) Blood compatibility, and hemolysis rate of 5 mg/mL hydrogel, THB@ANVs hydrogel or corresponding quantity of THB@ANVs, n =3. Identification of ROS generation of THB NPs based on (D) DCFH and (E) ABDA indicator under 100 mW cm−2 white light irradiation, the concentration of THB NPs is 1 μM. Identification of1O2 generation of THB NPs based on indicator. (F) Inhibits growth of S. aureus and E. coli by THB NPs, THB@ANVs, or THB@ANVs hydrogel under 100 mW cm−2 white light irradiation (corresponding concentration of THB is 5 μM). (G) ζ potentials of E. coliand S. aureus pretreated with or without THB NPs or THB@ANVs, the potentials of bacteria were measured after centrifuging to the bacteria and resuspended in saline. (H) Fluorescence and merged images ofE. coli and S. aureus incubated with THB@ANVs. (I) SEM images of E.coli and S. aureus treated with THB@ANVs before and after 100 mW cm−2 white light irradiation, Scale bar: 500nm.