The fundamentals and terminology of artificial
intelligence
Machine learning and deep
learning
AI is the discipline in computer science that develops computer systems
that can simulate human intelligence and perform tasks that generally
require humans (see Glossary for key concepts). This discipline can be
further narrowed down into ML and its subdiscipline deep learning(Figure 1). ML can be described as an algorithm that learns from data by
automatically mapping input data to an output prediction. While this
draws a parallel to traditional regression methods such as ordinary
least squares, most machine learning techniques have the advantage of
inherently modeling complex patterns, including non-linearity and
interaction effects. ML concentrates primarily on prediction and finding
patterns in vast amounts of data without making prior assumptions about
the distribution of these data. The predictive performance generally
improves when more (high-quality) data is fed to the algorithm.