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\begin{document}

\title{Preferential Summer Melt of Deeper Ridge Keels in the Central Arctic
Ocean from Multibeam Sonar Data}



\author[1]{Evgenii Salganik}%
\author[2]{Benjamin Allen Lange}%
\author[3]{Christian Katlein}%
\author[3]{Ilkka S. O. Matero}%
\author[3]{Philipp Anhaus}%
\author[1]{Morven Muilwijk}%
\author[4]{Knut Vilhelm Høyland}%
\author[1]{Mats Anders Granskog}%
\affil[1]{Norwegian Polar Institute}%
\affil[2]{Norwegian Geotechnical Institute}%
\affil[3]{Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung}%
\affil[4]{Norwegian University of Science and Technology}%


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  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Sea-ice ridges constitute a large fraction of the total Arctic sea-ice
volume (up to 40\%); nevertheless, they are the least studied part of
the Arctic ice pack. Here we investigate sea-ice melt rates using rare
underwater multibeam data that cover a period of one month during the
advanced melt stage in the Arctic summer. We show that the degree of
bottom melt increases with ice draft for first-year and second-year
level ice, and a first-year ice ridge keel, with an average of 0.45 m,
0.55 m, and 0.95 m of total snow and ice melt in the observation period,
respectively. While bottom melt rates of ridge keels are 3-4 times
higher than first-year level ice, surface melt rates are almost
identical. Our estimate attributes 57\% of the ridge keel melt
variability to keel draft (36\%), slope (32\%), and width (27\%).%
\end{abstract}%



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