Reference
Abate, T., Ebro, A. and Nigatu, L. (2009) ‘Pastoralists perceptions and
rangeland evaluation for livestock production in south eastern
Ethiopia’, Livestock Research for Rural Development , 21(7), pp.
1–13.
Abate, T., Ebro, A. and Nigatu, L. (2010) ‘Traditional rangeland
resource utilization practices and pastoralists’ perceptions on land
degradation in south-east Ethiopia’, Tropical Grasslands , 44.
Abdulatife Ibrahim, M. (2016) ‘Impact of Enclosure on Plant Species
Composition and Biomass Production in Ewa Woreda of Afar Region State,
Ethiopia’, Journal of Biodiversity & Endangered Species , 4(1),
pp. 1–4. doi: 10.4172/2332-2543.1000157.
Abebe, M. H. et al. (2006) ‘The role of area enclosures and
fallow age in the restoration of plant diversity in northern Ethiopia’,African Journal of Ecology , 44(4), pp. 507–514. doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00664.x.
Abule, E., Snyman, H. A. and Smit, G. N. (2007) ‘Rangeland evaluation in
the middle Awash valley of Ethiopia: I. Herbaceous vegetation cover’,Journal of Arid Environments , 70(2), pp. 253–271. doi:
10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.12.008.
Alemie, D. K. and Gebremedhin, H. H. (2019) ‘Vegetation Diversity and
Soil Physico-chemical Properties Under Traditional Management of
Rangeland in Eastern Ethiopia’, Journal of Agricultural Science ,
11(5), p. 515. doi: 10.5539/jas.v11n5p515.
Amin, A. et al. (2023) ‘Impacts of climate change on regional
cattle trade in the central corridor of Africa’, Regional
Environmental Change , 23(1), pp. 1–12. doi:
10.1007/s10113-022-02017-8.
Angassa, A. et al. (2010) ‘Role of traditional enclosures on the
diversity of herbaceous vegetation in a semi-arid rangeland, southern
Ethiopia’, Livestock Research for Rural Development , 22(9), p.
2010.
Angassa, A. and Beyene, F. (2003) ‘Current range condition in southern
Ethiopia in relation to traditional management strategies: the
perceptions of Borana pastoralists’, Tropical Grasslands , 37.
Angassa, A. and Oba, G. (2008) ‘Effects of management and time on
mechanisms of bush encroachment in southern Ethiopia’, African
Journal of Ecology , pp. 186–196. doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00832.x.
Angassa, A. and Oba, G. (2010a) ‘Effects of grazing pressure, age of
enclosures and seasonality on bush cover dynamics and vegetation
composition in southern Ethiopia’, Journal of Arid Environments ,
74(1), pp. 111–120. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.07.015.
Angassa, A. and Oba, G. (2010b) ‘Effects of grazing pressure, age of
enclosures and seasonality on bush cover dynamics and vegetation
composition in southern Ethiopia’, Journal of Arid Environments ,
74(1), pp. 111–120.
Barkhadle, A. M. I., Ongaro, L. and Pignatti, S. (1994) ‘Pastoralism and
plant cover in the lower Shabelle Region, Southern Somalia’,Landscape Ecology . doi: 10.1007/BF00124375.
Behnke, R. H. (1986) ‘The implications of spontaneous range enclosure
for African livestock development policy. African Livestock Policy
Analysis Network Paper No. 12’, ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ,
2000(12), pp. 2–3.
Beyene, F. and Kenee, F. B. (2008) ‘Incentives and Outcomes of Rangeland
Enclosures: A Comparative Institutional Analysis among Three (Agro-)
Pastoral Districts in Eastern Ethiopia’, pp. 1–33. Available at:
http://hdl.handle.net/10535/1938.
Bikila, N. G., Tessema, Z. K. and Abule, E. G. (2016) ‘Carbon
sequestration potentials of semi-arid rangelands under traditional
management practices in Borana, Southern Ethiopia’, Agriculture,
Ecosystems and Environment , 223, pp. 108–114. doi:
10.1016/j.agee.2016.02.028.
Briske, D. D. et al. (2008) ‘Recommendations for development of
resilience-based state-and-transition models’, Rangeland Ecology
and Management , 61(4), pp. 359–367. doi: 10.2111/07-051.1.
CARE (2015) ‘Resilience in the rangeland: Changes and challenges for
pastoral communities in Kenya and Ethiopia Executive summary’,CARE Climate resilience .
Clarke, K. R. and Ainsworth, M. (1993) ‘A method of linking multivariate
community structure to environmental variables’, Marine Ecology
Progress Series , 92(3), pp. 205–219. doi: 10.3354/meps092205.
Dalle, G., Maass, B. L. and Isselstein, J. (2006) ‘Encroachment of woody
plants and its impact on pastoral livestock production in the Borana
lowlands, southern Oromia, Ethiopia’, African Journal of Ecology ,
44(2), pp. 237–246. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00638.x.
FAO UN Accra (2017) ‘Sustainable Pastoralism and Rangelands in Africa’,
31(2), p. 74.
Fekadu Beyene (2009) ‘Exploring incentives for rangeland enclosures
among pastoral and agropastoral households in eastern Ethiopia’,Global Environmental Change , 19(4), pp. 494–502.
Gebremedhn, H. H. et al. (2022) ‘Carbon Stock and Change Rate
under Different Grazing Management Practices in Semiarid Pastoral
Ecosystem of Eastern Ethiopia’, land .
Gezahegn, A. K. (2006) ‘Characterization of Rangeland Resources and
Dynamics of the Pastoral Production Systems in the Somali Region of
Eastern Ethiopia’, Water Management , (May).
Gilo, B. N. and Kelkay, T. Z. (2017) ‘Changes in vegetation structure
and aboveground biomass in response to traditional rangeland management
practices in Borana, southern Ethiopia’, African Journal of Range
and Forage Science , 34(1), pp. 21–31. doi:
10.2989/10220119.2017.1331934.
Gobelle, S. K. and Gure, A. (2018) ‘Effects of bush encroachment on
plant composition , diversity and carbon stock in Borana rangelands ’,
10(May), pp. 230–245. doi: 10.5897/IJBC2017.1143.
Gordon, D. M. and Iii, S. K. (2017) Indigenous Knowledge and the
Environment in Africa and North America .
Haftay, H. et al. (2013) ‘Rangeland vegetation responses to
traditional enclosure management in eastern Ethiopia’, Rangeland
Journal , 35(1), pp. 29–36.
Hailu, H. (2017) ‘Analysis of Vegetation Phytosociological
Characteristics and Soil Physico-Chemical Conditions in Harishin
Rangelands of Eastern Ethiopia’, Land . doi: 10.3390/land6010004.
Hailu, T. A. (2016) ‘The Contribution of Grazing Enclosures for
Sustainable Management and Enhancing Restoration of Degraded Range Lands
in Ethiopia : Lessons and Forward’, 6(8), pp. 112–126.
Hasen-Yusuf, M. et al. (2013) ‘Predicting aboveground biomass of
woody encroacher species in semi-arid rangelands, Ethiopia’,Journal of Arid Environments , 96, pp. 64–72. doi:
10.1016/j.jaridenv.2013.04.007.
Kassahun, A. et al. (2008) ‘Impact of rangeland degradation on
the pastoral production systems, livelihoods and perceptions of the
Somali pastoralists in Eastern Ethiopia’, Journal of Arid
Environments , 72, pp. 1265–1281. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.01.002.
Maitima, J. et al. (2004) ‘Regional synthesis paper : The
linkages between land use change , land degradation and biodiversity
across East Africa LUCID Working Paper Series Number : 42 By A regional
synthesis paper : The linkages between land use change , land
degradation and biodi’.
McGinty, E. L., Baldwin, B. and Banner, R. (2009) ‘a Review of Livestock
Grazing and Range Management in Utah’, (080720), p. 45.
Mekuria, W. et al. (2018) ‘Restoration of degraded landscapes for
ecosystem services in North-Western Ethiopia’, Heliyon , 4(8).
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00764.
Mekuriaw, S., Mengistu, A. and Tegegne, F. (2019) ‘Livestock
Technologies and Grazing Land Management Options for Climate Change
Adaption and Mitigation as a Contribution for Food Security in Ethiopia:
A Brief Overview’, Climate Change Management , pp. 383–396. doi:
10.1007/978-3-319-75004-0_22.
Miehe, S. et al. (2010) ‘Long-term degradation of Sahelian
rangeland detected by 27 years of field study in Senegal’, Journal
of Applied Ecology , 47(3), pp. 692–700. doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01815.x.
Mohammed, M., Abule, E. and Lissahanwork, N. (2017) ‘Soil organic carbon
and total nitrogen stock response to traditional enclosure management in
eastern Ethiopia’, Journal of Soil Science and Environmental
Management , 8(2), pp. 37–43. doi: 10.5897/jssem2015.0545.
Negasa, B. et al. (2014) ‘Control of bush encroachment in Borana
zone of southern Ethiopia: effects of different control techniques on
rangeland vegetation and tick populations Bikila’, Pastoralism ,
(1998), pp. 1–7.
Nyberg, G. et al. (2019) ‘Enclosures as a land management tool
for food security in African drylands’, Journal of Land Use
Science , 14(1), pp. 110–121. doi: 10.1080/1747423X.2019.1636147.
O’Rourke, J. T. and van Wijngaarden, W. (1987)
‘Elephants-Trees-Grass-Grazers: Relationships between Climate, Soils,
Vegetation and Large Herbivores in a Semiarid Savanna Ecosystem (Tsavo,
Kenya)’, Journal of Range Management , 40(2), p. 191. doi:
10.2307/3899222.
Oba, G. (2012) ‘Harnessing pastoralists’ indigenous knowledge for
rangeland management: three African case studies’, Pastoralism:
Research, Policy and Practice , 2(1), p. 1. doi: 10.1186/2041-7136-2-1.
Oba, G. and Kotile, G. (2001) ‘Assessments and landscape level
degradation in southern Ethiopia: Pastoralists versus ecologists’,Land Degradation & Development , 12. doi: 10.1002/ldr.463.
Oba, G., Vetaas, O. R. and Stenseth, N. C. (2001) ‘Relationships between
biomass and plant species richness in arid-zone grazing lands’,Journal of Applied Ecology , 38(4), pp. 836–845. doi:
10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00638.x.
Richter, C. G. F., Snyman, H. A. and Smit, G. N. (2001) ‘The influence
of tree density on the grass layer of three semi-arid savanna types of
southern africa’, African Journal of Range and Forage Science ,
18(2–3), pp. 103–109. doi: 10.2989/10220110109485762.
Sawadogo, L., Tiveau, D. and Nygård, R. (2005) ‘Influence of selective
tree cutting, livestock and prescribed fire on herbaceous biomass in the
savannah woodlands of Burkina Faso, West Africa’, Agriculture,
Ecosystems and Environment , 105(1–2), pp. 335–345. doi:
10.1016/j.agee.2004.02.004.
Seid, M. A., Kuhn, N. J. and Fikre, T. Z. (2016) ‘The role of
pastoralism in regulating ecosystem services’, OIE Revue
Scientifique et Technique , 35(2), pp. 435–444. doi:
10.20506/rst.35.2.2534.
Tefera, S., Snyman, H. A. and Smit, G. N. (2007) ‘Rangeland dynamics of
southern Ethiopia: (2). Assessment of woody vegetation structure in
relation to land use and distance from water in semi-arid Borana
rangelands’, Journal of Environmental Management , 85(2), pp.
443–452. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.10.008.
Teillard, F. et al. (2016) A review of indicators and
methods to assess biodiversity , Livestock Environmental
Assessment and Performance (LEAP) Partnership.
Ter, C. J. . F. . (1986) ‘Canonical Correspondence Analysis : A New
Eigenvector Technique for Multivariate Direct Gradient Analysis’,Ecology , 67(5), pp. 1167–1179.
Terefe, A., Ebro, A. and Zewedu, T. (2010) ‘Rangeland dynamics in South
Omo zone of Southern Ethiopia: Assessment of rangeland condition in
relation to altitude and grazing types’, Livestock Research for
Rural Development , 22(10).
Tuffa, S. (2022) ‘Maintaining Sustainability and Resilience in Rangeland
Ecosystems’, Research in Ecology , 4(2), pp. 51–55. doi:
10.30564/re.v4i2.4747.
Wairore, J. N. et al. (2016) ‘Benefits Derived from
Rehabilitating a Degraded Semi-Arid Rangeland in Private Enclosures in
West Pokot County, Kenya’, Land Degradation and Development ,
27(3), pp. 532–541. doi: 10.1002/ldr.2420.
Walker, B. H. et al. (1981) ‘Stability of Semi-Arid Savanna
Grazing Systems’, The Journal of Ecology , 69(2), p. 473. doi:
10.2307/2259679.
Woods, N. N. et al. (2019) ‘Interaction of seed dispersal and
environmental filtering affects woody encroachment patterns in coastal
Grassland’, Ecosphere , 10(7). doi: 10.1002/ecs2.2818.
Yayneshet, T., Eik, L. O. and Moe, S. R. (2009) ‘The effects of
exclosures in restoring degraded semi-arid vegetation in communal
grazing lands in northern Ethiopia’, Journal of Arid
Environments , 73(4–5), pp. 542–549. doi:
10.1016/j.jaridenv.2008.12.002.
Yusuf, H. et al. (2011) ‘Assessment of woody species encroachment
in the grasslands of Nechisar National Park, Ethiopia’, African
Journal of Ecology , 49(4), pp. 397–409. doi:
10.1111/j.1365-2028.2011.01271.x.