7. Conclusion
Serotonin syndrome is a drug-induced syndrome resulting from increased serotonin activity. The syndrome can evolve from standard treatment, overdose, intoxication or any combination of serotonergic drugs – including pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions – that increases serotonergic neurotransmission. The central symptoms are neuromuscular excitation, autonomic dysfunction and altered mental status, occurring in a patient undergoing new, altered or enhanced serotonergic therapy. The Hunter Serotonin Toxicity Criteria are widely accepted as the most accurate diagnostic criteria.
A variety of drugs – of which this focused review provides an overview and classification – are associated with serotonin syndrome. Due to the widespread use of serotonergic drugs, clinicians must maintain a high level of clinical suspicion for serotonin syndrome, as early recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent significant morbidity and mortality.