Introduction
The TAFRO syndrome, a rare systemic disease characterized by
thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin myelofibrosis, renal
dysfunction, and organomegaly, was first reported in Japan in 2010. It
is classified as a subtype of idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s
disease (iMCD) because the pathological findings of lymph nodes in TAFRO
syndrome are similar to those of iMCD. iMCD is a lymphoproliferative
disorder with three distinct subtypes: POEMS (polyneuropathy,
organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell proliferation, and
skin change) syndrome, TAFRO syndrome, or iMCD-not otherwise specified
(iMCD-NOS) [1]. TAFRO syndrome is distinct from POEMS syndrome or
iMCD-NOS, as it does not accompany human herpesvirus 8 infection,
immunoglobulin overproduction, or polyneuropathy. TAFRO syndrome often
presents with progressive clinical symptoms and can be fatal.
COVID-19 vaccination is recommended to reduce the number of COVID-19
infected population and lower the risk of becoming severe. However, some
serious adverse events have been reported after COVID-19 vaccination,
such as anaphylaxis, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome,
Guillain-Barre syndrome, and myocarditis [2-5]. Although these
complications are not frequent, these incidents may lead people to avoid
vaccination and the pandemic to the worse.
Here, we report a case of TAFRO syndrome that developed after the first
injection of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.