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\begin{document}

\title{Defining Mesoscale Eddies Boundaries from In-situ Data and a Theoretical
Framework}



\author[1]{Yan Barabinot}%
\author[1]{Sabrina Speich}%
\author[2]{Xavier J. Carton}%
\affil[1]{Ecole Normale Supérieure}%
\affil[2]{Universite de Bretagne Occidentale}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 20, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Mesoscale eddies play an important role in transporting water
properties, enhancing air-sea interactions, and promoting large-scale
mixing of the ocean. They are generally referred to as ``coherent''
structures because they are organized, rotating fluid elements that
propagate within the ocean and have long lifetimes (months or even
years). Eddies have been sampled by sparse in-situ vertical profiles,
but because in-situ ocean observations are limited, they have been
characterized primarily from satellite observations, numerical
simulations, or relatively idealized geophysical fluid dynamics methods.
However, each of these approaches has its limitations. Many questions
about the general structure and ``coherence'' of ocean eddies remain
unanswered. In this study, we investigate the properties of 7 mesoscale
eddies sampled with relative accuracy during 4 different field
experiments in the Atlantic. Our results suggest that the Ertel
Potential Vorticity (EPV) is a suitable parameter to isolate and
characterize the eddy cores and their boundaries. The latter appear as
regions of finite horizontal extent, characterized by a local extremum
of the vertical and horizontal components of the EPV. These are found to
be closely related to the presence of a different water mass in the core
(relative to the background) and the steepening of the isopycnals due to
eddy occurrence and dynamics. Based on these results, we propose a new
criterion for defining eddies. We test our approach using a theoretical
framework and explore the possible magnitude of this new criterion,
including its upper bound.%
\end{abstract}%



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