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\begin{document}

\title{Defining Mesoscale Eddies Boundaries from In-situ Data and a Theoretical
Framework}



\author[1]{Yan Barabinot}%
\author[1]{Sabrina Speich}%
\author[2]{Xavier J. Carton}%
\affil[1]{Ecole Normale Supérieure}%
\affil[2]{Universite de Bretagne Occidentale}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 12, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Mesoscale eddies are found throughout the global ocean. Generally, they
are referred to as ``coherent'' structures because they are organized
rotating fluid elements that propagate within the ocean and have a long
lifetime. Since in situ observations of the ocean are very rare, eddies
have been characterized primarily from satellite observations or by
relatively idealized approaches of geophysical fluid dynamics. Satellite
observations provide access to only a limited number of surface features
and exclusively for structures with a fingerprint on surface properties.
Observations of the vertical sections of ocean eddies are rare.
Therefore, important eddy properties, such as eddy transports or the
characterization of eddy ``coherence'', have typically been approximated
by simple assumptions or by applying various criteria based on their
velocity field or thermohaline properties. In this study, which is based
on high-resolution in-situ data collection from the EUREC4A-OA field
experiment, we show that Ertel potential vorticity is very appropriate
to accurately identify the eddy core and its boundaries. This study
provides evidence that the eddy boundaries are relatively intense and
intimately related to both the presence of a different water mass in the
eddy core from the background and to the isopycnal steepening caused by
the volume of the eddy. We also provide a theoretical framework to
examine their orders of magnitude and define an upper bound for the
proposed definition of the eddy boundary. The results suggest that the
eddy boundary is not a well-defined material boundary but rather a
frontal region subject to instabilities.%
\end{abstract}%



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