1. Introduction
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in
Wuhan, China, in late 2019 causing a pandemic respiratory coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. This virus is the seventh coronavirus
known to infect humans. It belongs to the family of Coronaviridae, a
group of large, enveloped, nonsegmented positive-sense RNA viruses
[2]. SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronaviruses like as severe acute
respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV back in 2002 and Middle
East respiratory syndrome (MERS) originating from MERS-CoV in 2012
[3,4]. Coronavirus infects the mucosal epithelium of the larynx, the
tonsils, and the oropharynx [5,6]. It is transmitted through
droplets and direct contact with fomites [7].
A significant fraction of individuals with COVID-19 has neurological
symptoms [8]. Loss of smell (anosmia), loss of taste (hypogeusia),
headache, weariness, nausea, and vomiting are among the symptoms
[9]. Additionally, patients in hospitals are progressively reporting
more serious neurological problems such as seizures, confusion,
cerebrovascular injury, stroke, encephalitis, encephalopathies, and
altered mental status [10-13]. However the molecular mechamism is
not completely undestood.