1. Introduction
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 causing a pandemic respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. This virus is the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans. It belongs to the family of Coronaviridae, a group of large, enveloped, nonsegmented positive-sense RNA viruses [2]. SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronaviruses like as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV back in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) originating from MERS-CoV in 2012 [3,4]. Coronavirus infects the mucosal epithelium of the larynx, the tonsils, and the oropharynx [5,6]. It is transmitted through droplets and direct contact with fomites [7].
A significant fraction of individuals with COVID-19 has neurological symptoms [8]. Loss of smell (anosmia), loss of taste (hypogeusia), headache, weariness, nausea, and vomiting are among the symptoms [9]. Additionally, patients in hospitals are progressively reporting more serious neurological problems such as seizures, confusion, cerebrovascular injury, stroke, encephalitis, encephalopathies, and altered mental status [10-13]. However the molecular mechamism is not completely undestood.