4.4 Limitations and future research
There are some limitations in this study. When exploring the impact of urbanization on hydrological process, it is best to conduct research on the watershed level. This study only involved one single city (the developed urban areas), it needs to validate the results in other similar areas. Owing to coarse time resolution of urban flood records (2011–2021), we cannot accurately assess the relationship between the position of flooding events and rainfall intensity. Additionally, the amount and depth of flooding were unavailable, and thus hinder further comprehensively understanding the relationship between urban flood and its explanatory factors. Despite these limitations, this study provided quantitative insight into the nonlinear relationship and magnitude between the 3D building morphology and urban flooding.