Notes: \(x_{i}\), \(y_{i}\) were coordinate; \(A_{\text{roads}}\),\(A_{\text{green\ space}}\),\(A_{\text{Impervious\ surfaces}}\),and \(A_{\text{waterbody}}\) were the area of roads, green space, waterbody, and impervious surfaces;\(n_{i}\) was the number of patches; \(E\) was the length of the patches; \(\text{BS}_{i}\): building projected area; n: the number of buildings; \(S_{\text{site}}\): area of the subwatershed.BHi: height of building. F: floor of building.\(c\): constant.  Li: perimeter of the buildings. \(v\): volume of buildings of the subwatershed. \(N(r)\): number of none-empty boxes; \(r\): scale; \(D\): 3D fractal dimension.

Table 3 Results of Geo-Dector interaction detector.