Literature screening and data extraction
For each publication, any two of the eight reviewers (FL, AW, XY, YW,
SH, YD, HX, CF) independently screened thetitles, abstracts, and full
texts and identified eligible publications for data extraction. In case
of disagreements between the two reviewers, a third reviewer (WT and YW)
was consulted for reconciliation if an agreement was not reached.
We extracted the variables containing information on publication year,
data collection time, methods, testing assay, study population type,
age, sex, sample size, and relevant study outcomes. We used pre-defined
population types and risk factors to conduct stratified analyses of our
study outcomes. The definition of population type and risk factors was
included in the supplementary materials (Supplementary Box S1 and S3).