2.6 Materials
Treatments were clinical grade vancomycin (Fresenius Kabi, Lake Zurich, IL), flucloxacillin (Juno Pharmaceuticals Pty Ltd, South Yarra, VIC Australia), imipenem-cilastatin (Novation LLC, Italy Novaplus/Novation Mfd. Fresenius Kabi) and normal saline (Veterinary 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection USP, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL).
For LC-MS/MS, analytical grade vancomycin hydrochloride (Lot#LRAC0718), and atenolol (Lot#BCBT5643) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), LC-MS/MS grade acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from VWR International, Radnor, PA, formic acid was obtained from Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA and frozen, non-medicated, non-immunized, pooled Sprague–Dawley rat EDTA plasma was obtained from BioreclamationIVT, Westbury, NY, USA. Control rat kidney homogenate was prepared from saline-treated rat kidneys.