Types Morphologic hallmarks Biochemical hallmarks Protein and Genetic hallmarks Related female reproductive diseases References
Ferroptosis
Cell swelling, plasma membrane rupture, smaller mitochondria, increased mitochondrial, membrane densities
Iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation increase, Antioxidant defense decrease
GPX4, GSH, ACSL4, TFRC, PTGS2, CHAC1 EMs, PCOS, POI, GMD, PE, OC
2, 4, 12
Apoptosis
nuclear fragment, chromatin agglutination, cell membrane rupture
Activation of caspase proteins, DNA fragmentation Cytochrome C release caspase-8 caspase-3 POI, PE PCOS
20-23
Necroptosis
Cell swelling, plasma-membrane rupture
ATP deplete, Activate inflammatory reaction
Phospho-MLKL, phospho-RIP, RIP, phospho-RIP3, RIP3
PE, OC, FGR
27-31
Pyroptosis
chromatin condensation, intact nuclei, cellular swelling, and plasma membrane rupture
caspase-dependent,
caspase-1,IL1β , IL18, Gasdermin D
PE, PCOS, POI
32-35