Strength of induced defense and growth
For the 12 pairs of non-native plant species and native congeners, RGR of non-native plant species was 1.6 times higher than that of native congeners (χ² = 19.08, P < 0.001) (Figure 5A, Figure S5). This variation in RGR was strongly positively correlated with variation in the strength of induced defense as measured by larval weight gain (r = 0.72, P = 0.019) (Figure 5B).