Figure S1. Predictions for how herbivore pressure affects plant defense and growth traits. Plant species under higher herbivore pressure (putatively natives, blue line) are predicted to have higher mean constitutive defense and lower mean induced defense than plants under lower herbivore pressure (putatively non-natives, red line). Also, differences in herbivore pressure among species should correlate with increasing constitutive defense and decreasing induced defenses for all species, illustrated by the slopes of the lines (A and B). These defense responses should lead to growth-defense trade-offs in which greater allocation to less expensive induced defense allows allocation to greater growth (C).