Functional traits
Regarding
functional traits, urbanisation had a negative, although not
statistically significant effect on
body
size
(d = -0.16; 95% CI = [ -1.46, 1.13]; p = 0.81, Fig. S4) and
a positive, although not statistically significant effect on activity
length (d = 1.34; 95% CI = [ -0.6, 3.28]; p = 0.18, Fig.
S5). Nonetheless, urbanisation had a strong negative effect on the
abundance and richness of spring pollinator communities
(Figs
4a & 4b). Furthermore, urbanisation had a negative effect on the
abundance of solitary bees and on the abundance and richness of below
ground nesting bees (Figs 4a & 4b).