\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}








\begin{document}

\title{Assessing Tropical Pacific-induced Predictability of Southern California
Precipitation Using a Novel Multi-input Multi-output Autoencoder}



\author[1]{Linsey Sara Passarella}%
\author[2]{Salil Mahajan}%
\affil[1]{Oak Ridge National Laboratory}%
\affil[2]{Oak Ridge National Laboratory (DOE)}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 27, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
We construct a novel Multi-Input Multi-Output Autoencoder-decoder
(MIMO-AE) to capture the non-linear relationship of Southern California
precipitation (SC-PRECIP) and tropical Pacific Ocean sea surface
temperature (TP-SST). The MIMO-AE is trained on both monthly TP-SST and
SC-PRECIP anomalies simultaneously. The co-variability of the two fields
in the MIMO-AE shared nonlinear latent space can be condensed into an
index, termed the MIMO-AE index. We use a transfer learning approach to
train a MIMO-AE on the combined dataset of 100 years of output from a
historical simulation with the Energy Exascale Earth Systems Model
version 1 (E3SMv1) and a segment of observational data. We further use
Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to assess sub-seasonal
predictability of SC-PRECIP using the MIMO-AE index. We find that the
MIMO-AE index provides enhanced predictability of SC-PRECIP for a
lead-time of up-to four months as compared to
Ni\{\textbackslash{}\textasciitilde{}n\}o 3.4 index and the El
Ni\{\textbackslash{}\textasciitilde{}n\}o Southern Oscillation
Longitudinal Index.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/top10/top10}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/withIVT/withIVT}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/s3/s3}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/mimo-ae/mimo-ae}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/predictions-withsvd/predictions-withsvd}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

