Outcome DiD impact of intervention – relative to non-intervention areas in Zarqa, by subsample DiD impact of intervention – relative to non-intervention areas in Zarqa, by subsample DiD impact of intervention – relative to non-intervention areas in Zarqa, by subsample DiD impact of intervention – relative to non-intervention areas in Amman, by subsample DiD impact of intervention – relative to non-intervention areas in Amman, by subsample DiD impact of intervention – relative to non-intervention areas in Amman, by subsample
(1) WNP (2) WWNP (3) Both (4) WNP (5) WWNP (6) Both
Water supply
Reported water pressure rating1
-0.38*** (0.15)
n.a.
-0.49*** (0.14) -0.63*** (0.12)
n.a.
-0.84*** (0.14)
Reported perception of network water quality
+0.63** (0.30)
n.a.
-0.29 (0.34) +0.32 (0.27)
n.a.
-0.58 (0.36)
Assessed water quality (E. coli count)2
-0.049 (0.053)
n.a.
0 (0)
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Hours piped water, for days w/water
+0.86 (0.61)
n.a.
+0.37 (0.64) +1.15** (0.46)
n.a.
+1.83*** (0.47)
Reported water shortage, past month
-0.10* (0.05)
n.a.
-0.05 (0.06) -0.12*** (0.04)
n.a.
-0.098* (0.05)
Network water use – Utility sample3
+2.9*** (0.66)
n.a.
+2.9* (1.5) +0.52 (0.59)
n.a.
+1.9* (1.1)
Network water use – Survey sample
n.a.
+6.1 (3.9) +5.1 (3.5)
n.a.
+3.7 (4.3)
Expenditure on water from vendors (JD/month)
-5.1 (5.0)
n.a.
-7.1 (5.5) -6.8 (4.4)
n.a.
-9.7* (5.8)
Expenditure on water, all sources (JD/month)
-3.6 (5.8)
n.a.
-6.2 (5.7) -4.0 (5.1)
n.a.
-10.6 (6.3)
Wastewater management
Use of stand-alone cesspits
n.a.
-0.13*** (0.04) -0.07* (0.04)
n.a.
-0.14*** (0.05) -0.11* (0.04)
Sewer connection
n.a.
+0.14*** (0.05) +0.17*** (0.05)
n.a.
+0.09* (0.05) +0.12** (0.05)
Expense for septic tank evacuation n.a. -1.0 (4.7) -15.1 (11.3) n.a. -7.7 (5.6) -18.2 (11.2)
Sewer backup prevalence
n.a.
-0.02 (0.01) -0.004 (0.01)
n.a.
-0.02** (0.01) -0.002 (0.01)
Overall welfare
Expenditure (JD/month)
-2.2 (32.6) +30.9 (39.5) +15.6 (40.8) +5.3 (32.8) +76.8* (39.0) -4.0 (47.1)
Net income
-22.2 (29.2) -5.7 (27.1) -8.8 (33.7) -66.6* (38.7) -42.1 (35.8) -131*** (46.6)
Assets
+0.03 (0.03) +0.04 (0.04) +0.04 (0.04) +0.04 (0.03) +0.02 (0.04) -0.03 (0.04)
Sample size for comparison 1,914 1,443 1,389 2,359 1,559 1,418