Contribution of dispersal syndromes to beta diversity
The sign (positive or negative effect) of the contribution of dispersal syndromes to turnover was consistent for most scales, but its value changed depending on the scale (fig. 4). None of the habitats studied showed a consistent pattern regarding the effect of dispersal syndromes. In most cases, the effect of dispersal syndromes on turnover was not significant, and its absolute contribution ranged between 0.1 to 0.3. Endozoochorous species consistently decreased turnover at the three scales analyzed except in Terceira island, where they increased it. On the other hand, epizoochorous species increased turnover at all scales, with significant values of multisite βSIM being found for the intermediate and small scales. Anemochorous and hydrochorous had no significant contribution to turnover at any scale.