Figure 5. Effect of geographical distance (GEO), climatic distance (CLM) and habitat (HAB; only for the island scale) on pairwise βSIM at large (A), intermediate (B) and small (C) scales. R2 for geographical, climatic distances and habitat (this latter only for the island scale) were obtained from a hierarchical partitioning of the global R2 while the significance and sign of the relationships were obtained from Multiple Regressions on distance Matrices (MRM) (see main text for more information). Sign of the relationship is indicated above the bars, + for positive relationships and – for negative ones. Filled bars indicate significant effect, while empty ones indicate non-significant effect. At the small scale (C), habitats correspond to native forests (NatFor), naturalized vegetation (NatVeg) and seminatural pastures (SemPast).