3.3. Modularity
Landmarks in the subsets of the a-priori modularity hypothesis Subset 2:
8, 9, 10, 11. Using two blocks Partial least squares (PLS) Overall
strength of association between blocks: yielded lowest RV coefficients;
Permutation test against the null hypothesis of independence with 10000
rounds of randomization were also extremely significant (P
<.0001) in dorsal skull landmark analyses but P-value: 0.0687
(in ventral view) with anatomical proximity and developmental origin
employed in module partitioning, while correlation of PLS scores between
blocks (0.99). Comparison with alternative partitions: using only
contiguous partitions. All appropriate partitions were evaluated
considering partitions possessing RV less than or equal to the a-priori
hypothesis, (with minimal RV) this outcome confirms hypothesis 4 of the
study. Principal Component Analysis: PCA: Covariance Matrix and
Asymmetry component PC1= 88.38% PC2=7.48% variance, % predicted:
10.0770% Asymmetrical components demonstrated lower RV coefficients
than the symmetrical components.
Table 8 Modularity hypotheses tested for dorsal and ventral
skull views in the African Pangolin (P, tricuspis ) Modularity
hypothesis among contiguous landmarks evaluated by full enumerations of
partitions with the eleven (11) and nine (9) landmarks divided into 2
subsets. Partition with minimal RV minimum co-variation