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\begin{document}

\title{Interhemispheric Comparisons of Structure and Variability of the
Quasi-2-Day Wave at Middle and High Latitudes}



\author[1]{Hiroyuki Iimura}%
\author[2]{David C. Fritts}%
\author[3]{Ruth S. Lieberman}%
\author[4]{Diego Janches}%
\author[5]{Nicholas John Mitchell}%
\author[6]{Werner Singer}%
\author[7]{Steven J. Franke}%
\author[8]{Wayne K. Hocking}%
\affil[1]{GATS Inc.}%
\affil[2]{GATS}%
\affil[3]{NASA Goddard}%
\affil[4]{National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)}%
\affil[5]{University of Bath}%
\affil[6]{Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics (LG)}%
\affil[7]{University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign}%
\affil[8]{University of Western Ontario}%


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  \date{June 16, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Structure of the quasi-2-day wave (Q2DW) in the mesosphere and lower
thermosphere (MLT) was compared between the northern and southern
hemispheres, employing temperature and geopotential height data obtained
from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) onboard NASA's Earth Observing
System (EOS) Aura satellite. The Q2DW in horizontal winds was derived
using balance equations with MLS geopotential height data. Amplitudes
were maximized at \textasciitilde{}40\selectlanguage{ngerman}° in summer with larger amplitudes
in the meridional wind than the zonal wind in both hemispheres, but with
much larger amplitudes in the southern hemisphere and a longer duration
of enhancements in the northern hemisphere. Weaker enhancements were
exhibited in winter in both hemispheres, but maximized at higher
latitudes only in the southern hemisphere meridional component.
Responses were moderately enhanced from late April to early May only in
the southern hemisphere. The westward propagating zonal wavenumber 3
(W3) was largest in summer in both hemispheres, but the Q2DW comprised
superposition with other modes in winter. Eliassen-Palm fluxes were
derived for each mode. In the southern hemisphere, W3, W2, and W1 in
January exhibited upward fluxes at lower latitudes, poleward fluxes at
lower altitudes and equatorward fluxes at higher altitudes. A W3 mode in
July in the northern hemisphere, on the other hand, exhibited upward and
poleward fluxes in the entire altitude range. The Q2DW balance winds
were compared with the radar winds. They agreed reasonably in amplitude
and phase in summer in the southern hemisphere and lower latitudes in
summer in the northern hemisphere and in winter hemispheres.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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