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\title{Late Miocene garnet-bearing andesites in the Northern Andean Block and
their tectonic implications}



\author[1]{Susana Hoyos}%
\author[2]{Marion Weber}%
\author[1]{Jose Duque Trujillo}%
\author[1]{Andres Cardenas}%
\author[3]{Elizabeth Cottrell}%
\author[4]{Alejandro Beltran-Trivino}%
\author[5]{Albrecht von Quadt}%
\affil[1]{Universidad EAFIT}%
\affil[2]{Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín}%
\affil[3]{National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution}%
\affil[4]{EAFIT University}%
\affil[5]{ETH Zurich Institute of geochemistry and Petrology}%


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  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Garnet-bearing volcanic rocks are extremely rare at convergent margins,
with few known occurrences worldwide {[}ref 1-2{]}; however, such rocks
are common within the late Miocene volcanic rock suite of the Northern
Andean block (NAB) along the Central Cordillera, Colombia {[}ref 3-5{]}.
They have been linked to pre-existing zones of crustal weakness that
channeled magmas to the upper crust in a short period of time {[}ref
5-6{]}. Here we present new geochronological and petrographic data to
constrain the timing and petrogenesis of these unusual rocks. We
obtained mineral chemical analyses from 7 porphyritic-andesite samples
from the eastern flank of the Central Cordillera and the Cauca-Patia
Basin, Colombia. Garnet phenocrysts are almandine in composition,
ranging from 23 to 29 wt.\% FeO, 6 to 8 wt.\% CaO, and 1 to 4 wt.\% MnO.
In some samples, garnets are homogeneous with no reaction rims and
lacking inclusions; however, in other samples, garnets show
re-absorption rims and inclusion assemblages similar to the rock matrix
(plag, amph, \selectlanguage{ngerman}± bt) as well as rare plagioclase coronas. The high Ca and
low Mn contents of the NAB garnet cores are consistent with
crystallization at \textasciitilde{}1.2GPa, based on phase equilibrium
experiments of {[}ref 7{]}, while garnet rim assemblages are congruent
with a second stage of crystallization at \textasciitilde{}0.8GPa under
water-undersaturated conditions. Finally, a pre-eruption dehydration
stage is evidenced by the presence of breakdown rims in amphibole
crystals. Our new U-Pb in zircon ages reveal that NAB garnet-bearing
volcanic rocks formed between 9 and 8 Ma. Taken together, our data
suggest a rapid ascent of the NAB magmas associated with the onset of
regional volcanism and extension, and possibly the development of the
Caldas Tear, a slab window within the Nazca Plate. {[}1{]} Green \&
Ringwood (1968) CMP. {[}2{]} Harangi et al. (2001) Journal of Petrology.
{[}3{]} Orrego (1975) UNAL Colombia. {[}4{]} García (1983) UNAL
Colombia. {[}5{]} Bissig et al. (2017) EG. {[}6{]} Weber et al. (2018)
SGC (in press). {[}7{]} Alonso-Pérez et al. (2006) CMP.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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