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\begin{document}

\title{Restratification Structure and Processes in the Irminger Sea}



\author[1]{Miriam Frauke Sterl}%
\author[2]{Marieke Femke de Jong}%
\affil[1]{NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research}%
\affil[2]{Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research NIOZ}%


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  \date{June 15, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The Irminger Sea is one of the few regions in the ocean where deep
(\textgreater{} 1000 m) convection occurs. Convection is followed by
restratification during summer, when the stratification of the water
column is reestablished and the convectively formed water is exported to
the lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
(AMOC). We investigate the interannual variability and physical drivers
of restratification in the upper 600 m of the central Irminger Sea using
reanalysis data for the years 1993--2019. We find that there are
distinctly different restratification processes in the upper 100 m of
the water column (the upper layer) and the water below it (the lower
layer). In the upper layer, the stratification is dominated by a strong
seasonal cycle that matches the cycle of the surface heat flux. In 2010
and 2019, there were peaks in upper layer stratification, which could be
related to strong atmospheric heat and freshwater fluxes. By contrast,
in the lower layer the seasonal cycle is weaker and there is strong
interannual variability. Restratification can continue for up to 5
months after the surface heat flux has become negative, indicating a
role for lateral advection. The strength of the restratification is
strongly correlated with the eddy kinetic energy in the eastern Irminger
Sea. This suggests the lateral advection is driven by warm, saline
eddies from the Irminger Current. In the future, surface warming and
freshening of the Irminger Sea due to anthropogenic climate change are
expected to increase stratification.%
\end{abstract}%



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