Figure 1. a) Geodynamic setting and topography of the Ecuadorian Andes with bathymetry and Carnegie Ridge. The North Andean Sliver (NAS) is highlighted in yellow. The inset shows the location of study area. b) Active faults (Alvarado et al., 2016; black lines) and GPS horizontal velocity field (red arrows) with respect to stable South America (Nocquet et al., 2014).