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\begin{document}

\title{Validation of E-region Model Electron Density Profiles with AURIC
utilizing High-Resolution Cross Sections}



\author[1]{Md Nazmus Sakib}%
\author[2]{Emmaris Soto}%
\author[3]{Erdal Yiğit}%
\author[2]{J Scott Evans}%
\author[3]{R R Meier}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%
\affil[2]{Computational Physics Inc}%
\affil[3]{Department of Physics and Astronomy, Space Weather Lab, George Mason University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 29, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
E-region models have traditionally underestimated the ionospheric
electron density. We believe that this deficiency can be remedied by
using high-resolution photoabsorption and photoionization cross sections
in the models. Deep dips in the cross sections allow solar radiation to
penetrate deeper into the E-region producing additional ionization. To
validate our concept, we perform a study of model electron density
profiles (EDPs) calculated using the Atmospheric Ultraviolet Radiance
Integrated Code (AURIC;
\textbackslash{}citeA\{strickland1999atmospheric\}) in the E-region of
the terrestrial ionosphere. We compare AURIC model outputs using new
high-resolution photoionization and photoabsorption cross sections, and
solar spectral irradiances during low solar activity with incoherent
scatter radar (ISR) measurements from the Arecibo and Millstone Hills
observatories, COSMIC-1 observations, and outputs from empirical models
(IRI-2016 and FIRI-2018). AURIC results utilizing the new
high-resolution cross sections reveal a significant difference to model
outputs calculated with the low-resolution cross sections currently
used. Analysis of AURIC EDPs using the new high-resolution data indicate
fair agreement with ISR measurements obtained at various times at
Arecibo but very good agreement with Millstone Hills ISR observations
from \$\textbackslash{}sim96\$ km to \$140\$ km. However, discrepancies
in the altitude of the E-region peak persist. High-resolution AURIC
calculations are in agreement with COSMIC-1 observations and IRI-2016
model outputs between \$\textbackslash{}sim105\$ km and \$140\$ km while
FIRI-2018 outputs underestimate the EDP in this region. Overall, AURIC
modeling shows increased E-region electron densities when utilizing
high-resolution cross sections and high-resolution solar irradiances,
and are likely to be the key to resolving the long standing data-model
discrepancies.%
\end{abstract}%



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