Data availability
All datasets used in this study are publicly available. The RMM index
(Wheeler and Hendon 2004) is available at
www.bom.gov.au/climate/mjo/graphics/rmm.74toRealtime.txt.
For reanalysis and observed data, NOAA Interpolated OLR (Liebmann and
Smith 1996) is available at
https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.interp_OLR.html; NOAA OI
SST V2 High Resolution (Reynolds et al. 2007) is available at
https://psl.noaa.gov/data/gridded/data.noaa.oisst.v2.highres.html;
ERA-5 reanalysis (Hersbach et al. 2020) is available at
https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/#!/search?text=ERA5&type=dataset;
and ERA-20C data (Poli et al. 2016) is available at
https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era-20c.