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\begin{document}

\title{The Pakistan flood of August 2022: causes and implications}



\author[1]{Nanditha J. S.}%
\author[1]{Anuj P Kushwaha}%
\author[1]{Rajesh Singh}%
\author[1]{Iqura Malik}%
\author[1]{Hiren Solanki}%
\author[1]{Dipesh Singh Chupal}%
\author[1]{Swarup Dangar}%
\author[1]{Shanti Shwarup Mahto}%
\author[2]{Vimal Mishra}%
\author[1]{Urmin Vegad}%
\affil[1]{Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar}%
\affil[2]{Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar}%


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  \date{May 21, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The risk of floods has increased in South Asia due to high vulnerability
and exposure. The August 2022 Pakistan flood shows a glimpse of the
enormity and devastation that can further rise under the warming
climate. The deluge caused by the Pakistan floods in 2022, which badly
hit the country's southern provinces, is incomparable to any recent
events in terms of the vast spatial and temporal scale. The 2022
Pakistan flood ranked third in human mortality, while this was the top
event that displaced about 32 million people. Using observations and
climate projections, we examine the causes and implications of the
August 2022 flood in Pakistan. Multiday (\textasciitilde{} 15 days)
extreme precipitation on wet antecedent soil moisture conditions was the
primary driver of the flood in August 2022. The extreme precipitation in
August was caused by two atmospheric rivers that passed over southern
Pakistan. Streamflow simulations from the multiple hydrological models
show that extreme precipitation was the primary driver of floods as
several stations in the flood-affected regions experienced anomalously
higher flow than the stations located upstream. The frequency of similar
multi-day extreme precipitation events is projected to rise four-fold
under the high emission scenario. The 2022 Pakistan flood highlights the
adaptation challenges that South Asia is facing along with the
substantial need for climate mitigation to reduce the risk of such
events in the future.%
\end{abstract}%



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\verb`essoar.10512560.1.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/543700/articles/603769-the-pakistan-flood-of-august-2022-causes-and-implications}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`supplementary_file_pak_flood_final.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/543700/articles/603769-the-pakistan-flood-of-august-2022-causes-and-implications}

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