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\begin{document}

\title{Seismic Evidence for Partial Melt Below Tectonic Plates}



\author[1]{Eric Debayle}%
\author[1]{Thomas Bodin}%
\author[1]{Stéphanie Durand}%
\author[2]{Yanick Ricard}%
\affil[1]{Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, ENSL, CNRS, LGL-TPE}%
\affil[2]{Univ Lyon, ENSL, Univ Lyon 1, CNRS, LGL-TPE}%


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  \date{June 14, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The seismic low-velocity zone (LVZ) of the upper mantle is generally
associated with a low-viscosity asthenosphere that has a key role in
decoupling tectonic plates from the mantle. However, the origin of the
LVZ remains unclear. Some studies attribute its low seismic velocities
to a small amount of partial melt of minerals in the mantle, whereas
others attribute them to solid-state mechanisms near the solidus, or the
effect of its volatile contents. Observations of shear attenuation
provide additional constraints on the origin of the LVZ. On the basis of
the interpretation of global three-dimensional shear attenuation and
velocity models, here we report partial melt occurring within the LVZ.
We observe that partial melting down to 150--200 kilometres beneath
mid-ocean ridges, major hotspots and back-arc regions feeds the
asthenosphere. A small part of this melt (less than 0.30 per cent)
remains trapped within the oceanic LVZ. Melt is mostly absent under
continental regions. The amount of melt increases with plate velocity,
increasing substantially for plate velocities of between 3 centimetres
per year and 5 centimetres per year. This finding is consistent with
previous observations of mantle crystal alignment underneath tectonic
plates. Our observations suggest that by reducing viscosity, melt
facilitates plate motion and large-scale crystal alignment in the
asthenosphere.%
\end{abstract}%



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