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\begin{document}

\title{The Importance of Subsurface Productivity in the Pacific Arctic Gateway
as Revealed by High-resolution Biogeochemical Surveys}



\author[1]{Lauren W. Juranek}%
\author[1]{Burke Hales}%
\author[1]{Nicholas Beaird}%
\author[1]{Miguel A Goni}%
\author[1]{Emily L. Shroyer}%
\author[2]{James George Allen}%
\author[2]{Angelicque E. White}%
\affil[1]{Oregon State University}%
\affil[2]{University of Hawaii at Manoa}%


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  \date{June 17, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Following sea-ice retreat, surface waters of Arctic marginal seas become
nutrient-limited and subsurface chlorophyll maxima (SCM) develop below
the pycnocline where nutrients and light conditions are favorable. The
productivity associated with these ``hidden'' features has traditionally
not been well constrained. Here, we use a unique combination of
high-resolution biogeochemical and physical observations collected on
the Chukchi shelf in 2017 to constrain the fine-scale structure of
nutrients, O2, particles, SCM, and turbulence. We find large O2 excess
at mid-depth, identified by positive saturation ([?]O2) maxima of 15-20\%
that unambiguously indicate significant subsurface production. The [?]O2
maxima were situated immediately beneath the pycnocline and coincided
with a complete depletion of inorganic nitrogen ({[}NO3-{]} +
{[}NH4+{]}). The complete nutrient drawdown and O2 excess from this
horizon is consistent with subsurface production that amounts to 1/3 to
1/2 the total regional primary production. Nitracline depths aligned
with both the base of the mid-depth O2 maxima and with SCM depths,
suggesting this horizon represents a compensation point for balanced
growth and loss. Furthermore, SCM were also associated with turbulence
minima and sat just above a high turbidity bottom layer where light
attenuation increased significantly due to high particle loads.
Spatially, the largest [?]O2 maxima were associated with high nutrient
winter-origin water masses, under a shallower pycnocline associated with
seasonal melt. These data implicate short-term and long-term control of
SCM and associated productivity by stratification, turbulence, light,
and seasonal water mass formation, with corresponding potential for
climate-related sensitivities.%
\end{abstract}%



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\verb`essoar.10512416.1.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/537665/articles/606942-the-importance-of-subsurface-productivity-in-the-pacific-arctic-gateway-as-revealed-by-high-resolution-biogeochemical-surveys}

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