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\begin{document}

\title{Mineralization of organic matter in boreal lake sediments: Rates,
pathways and nature of the fermenting substrates}



\author[1]{François Clayer}%
\author[2]{Yves Gélinas}%
\author[3]{André Tessier}%
\author[4]{Charles Gobeil}%
\affil[1]{Norwegian Institute for Water Research}%
\affil[2]{GEOTOP and Concordia University}%
\affil[3]{INRS-ETE, Université du Québec}%
\affil[4]{INRS-ETE}%


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  \date{May 20, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The complexity of organic matter (OM) degradation mechanisms represents
a significant challenge for developing biogeochemical models to quantify
the role of aquatic sediments in the climate system. The common
representation of OM by carbohydrates formulated as CHO in models comes
with the assumption that its degradation by fermentation produces
equimolar amounts of methane (CH) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC).
To test the validity of this assumption, we modeled using
reaction-transport equations vertical profiles of the concentration and
isotopic composition (\selectlanguage{greek}δ\selectlanguage{english}C) of CH and DIC in the top 25 cm of the sediment
column from two lake basins, one whose hypolimnion is perennially
oxygenated and one with seasonal anoxia. Our results reveal that
methanogenesis only occurs via hydrogenotrophy in both basins.
Furthermore, we calculate, from CH and DIC production rates associated
with methanogenesis, that the fermenting OM has an average carbon
oxidation state (COS) below -0.9. Modeling solute porewater profiles
reported in the literature for four other seasonally anoxic lake basins
also yields negative COS values. Collectively, the mean (\selectlanguage{ngerman}±SD) COS value
of \selectlanguage{english}-1.4 +- 0.3 for all the seasonally anoxic sites is much lower than the
value of zero expected from carbohydrates fermentation. We conclude that
carbohydrates do not adequately represent the fermenting OM and that the
COS should be included in the formulation of OM fermentation in models
applied to lake sediments. This study highlights the need to better
characterize the labile OM undergoing mineralization to interpret
present-day greenhouse gases cycling and predict its alteration under
environmental changes.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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