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\begin{document}

\title{Radar observation of extreme vertical drafts in the polar summer
mesosphere}



\author[1]{Jorge L. Chau}%
\author[2]{Raffaele Marino}%
\author[2]{Fabio Feraco}%
\author[3]{Juan Miguel Urco Cordero}%
\author[4]{Gerd Baumgarten}%
\author[5]{Franz-Josef Luebken}%
\author[6]{Wayne K. Hocking}%
\author[7]{Carsten Schult}%
\author[5]{Toralf Renkwitz}%
\author[5]{Ralph Latteck}%
\affil[1]{Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the University of Rostock}%
\affil[2]{Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique}%
\affil[3]{University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign}%
\affil[4]{Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the Rostock University}%
\affil[5]{Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics (LG)}%
\affil[6]{University of Western Ontario}%
\affil[7]{Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics at the University of Rostock}%


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  \date{May 20, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The polar summer mesosphere is the Earth\selectlanguage{ngerman}â\textbackslash{}euro\selectlanguage{english}s coldest
region, allowing the formation of mesospheric ice clouds. These ice
clouds produce strong polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) that are
used as tracers of mesospheric dynamics. Here we report the first
observations of extreme vertical drafts (\$\textbackslash{}pm\$50
ms\$\^{}\{-1\}\$) in the mesosphere obtained from PMSE, characterized by
velocities more than five standard deviations larger than the observed
vertical wind variability. Using aperture synthesis radar imaging, the
observed PMSE morphology resembles a solitary wave in a varicose mode,
narrow along propagation (3--4 km) and elongated (\$\textgreater{}10\$
km) transverse to propagation direction, with a relatively large
vertical extent (\$\textbackslash{}sim\$13 km). These spatial features
are similar to previously observed mesospheric bores, but we observe
only one crest with much larger vertical extent and higher vertical
velocities.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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