Figure 4. Single-point simulation of \(F_{\text{sat}}\) modification (a-c) and incorporation of dynamic wetland storage (d-f) in a fen site in central Saskatchewan: (a) surface saturated fraction from default (DEF) and modified (MOD) formula and GIEMS inundation extent, (b) surface water balance in ET, surface and underground runoff, (c) surface energy balance in sensible and latent heat fluxes; (d) water level change with variable levels of wetland storage, (e) surface water balance in ET, surface and underground runoff, (f) surface energy balance in sensible and latent heat fluxes.
3.2 Regional-scale land model simulation constrained by spatially varied parameters
To simulate wetland dynamics at regional scales, it is essential to constrain two spatially varied parameters, \(F_{\text{satmx}}\) and the storage capacity, \(W_{\text{cap}}\), as they are critical to wetland energy and water balance shown in the last section. Figure 5 shows the spatial map of \(F_{\text{satmx}}\) and \(W_{\text{cap}}\) in the PPR. Here, \(F_{\text{satmx}}\)is derived from the GIEMS inundation fraction to represent the sub-grid maximum saturation, and \(W_{\text{cap}}\) is derived from the MERIT 90-m DEM and aggregated to a 4-km resolution grid (same resolution as in CONUS WRF meteorological forcing).
\(W_{\text{cap}}=\sum_{i=1}^{n}{min(\left(H_{i}-\overset{\overline{}}{H}\right),0)}\)(14)
\(H_{i}\) represents the 90-m elevation and \(\overset{\overline{}}{H}\)is the mean elevation for a 4-km grid, such that \(W_{\text{cap}}\)represents the collective topographical variation in the depressional area from 90-m DEM and aggregated into the 4-km grid.