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Did the COVID-19 Crisis Reduce Free Tropospheric Ozone across the Northern Hemisphere?
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  • Wolfgang Steinbrecht,
  • Dagmar Kubistin,
  • Christian Plass-Dulmer,
  • David W. Tarasick,
  • Jonathan Davies,
  • Peter von der Gathen,
  • Holger Deckelmann,
  • Nis Jepsen,
  • Rigel Kivi,
  • Norrie Lyall,
  • Mathias Palm,
  • Justus Notholt,
  • Bogumil Kois,
  • Peter Oelsner,
  • Marc Allaart,
  • Ankie Piters,
  • Michael Gill,
  • Roeland Van Malderen,
  • Andy Delcloo,
  • Ralf Sussmann,
  • Christian Servais,
  • Emmanuel Mahieu,
  • Gonzague Romanens,
  • René Stübi,
  • Gerard Ancellet,
  • Sophie Godin-Beekmann,
  • Shoma Yamanouchi,
  • Kimberly Strong,
  • Bryan J. J. Johnson,
  • Patrick Cullis,
  • Irina Petropavlovskikh,
  • James W Hannigan,
  • Jose-Luis Hernandez,
  • Ana Diaz Rodriguez,
  • Tatsumi Nakano,
  • Thierry Leblanc,
  • Fernando Chouza,
  • Carlos Torres,
  • Omaira García,
  • Amelie Röhling,
  • Matthias Schneider,
  • Thomas Blumenstock,
  • Matthew Brian Tully,
  • Clare Paton-Walsh,
  • Nicholas Brian Jones,
  • Richard Querel,
  • Susan E Strahan,
  • Antje Inness,
  • Richard J. Engelen,
  • Kai-Lan Chang,
  • Owen R. R. Cooper,
  • Ryan Michael Stauffer,
  • Anne M. Thompson
Wolfgang Steinbrecht
Deutscher Wetterdienst

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Dagmar Kubistin
Deutscher Wetterdienst
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Christian Plass-Dulmer
Deutscher Wetterdienst, Meteorologisches Observatorium
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David W. Tarasick
Environment and Climate Change Canada
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Jonathan Davies
Environment and Climate Change Canada
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Peter von der Gathen
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research
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Holger Deckelmann
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
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Nis Jepsen
Danish Meteorological Institute
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Rigel Kivi
Finnish Meteorological Institute
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Norrie Lyall
UK Met Office
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Mathias Palm
University of Bremen
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Justus Notholt
Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen
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Bogumil Kois
Institute of Meteorology and Water Management
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Peter Oelsner
Deutscher Wetterdienst
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Marc Allaart
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
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Ankie Piters
Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute
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Michael Gill
Met Éireann (Irish Met. Service)
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Roeland Van Malderen
Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium
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Andy Delcloo
Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium
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Ralf Sussmann
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU
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Christian Servais
University of Liège
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Emmanuel Mahieu
University of Liège
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Gonzague Romanens
MeteoSwiss
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René Stübi
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss
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Gerard Ancellet
LATMOS, CNRS, UVSQ, UPMC
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Sophie Godin-Beekmann
LATMOS, CNRS, UVSQ, UPMC
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Shoma Yamanouchi
University of Toronto
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Kimberly Strong
University of Toronto
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Bryan J. J. Johnson
NOAA ESRL
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Patrick Cullis
NOAA ESRL
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Irina Petropavlovskikh
Cooperative Institude for Research in Environmental Sciences, CU
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James W Hannigan
National Center for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
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Jose-Luis Hernandez
Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET)
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Ana Diaz Rodriguez
Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET)
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Tatsumi Nakano
Japan Meteorological Agency
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Thierry Leblanc
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
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Fernando Chouza
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
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Carlos Torres
Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), CIAI
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Omaira García
Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET), CIAI
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Amelie Röhling
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-ASF
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Matthias Schneider
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-ASF
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Thomas Blumenstock
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-ASF
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Matthew Brian Tully
Bureau of Meteorology
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Clare Paton-Walsh
University of Wollongong
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Nicholas Brian Jones
University of Wollongong
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Richard Querel
National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA)
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Susan E Strahan
Universities Space Research Association
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Antje Inness
ECMWF
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Richard J. Engelen
ECMWF
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Kai-Lan Chang
Earth System Research Laboratory
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Owen R. R. Cooper
Earth System Reserach Laboratory NOAA
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Ryan Michael Stauffer
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
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Anne M. Thompson
NASA-GODDARD
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Abstract

Throughout spring and summer 2020, ozone stations in the northern extratropics recorded unusually low ozone in the free troposphere. From April to August, and from 1 to 8 kilometers altitude, ozone was on average 7% (~4 ppbv) below the 2000 to 2020 climatological mean. Such low ozone, over several months, and at so many stations, has not been observed in any previous year since at least 2000. Atmospheric composition re-analyses from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service and simulations from the NASA GMI model indicate that the large 2020 springtime ozone depletion in the Arctic stratosphere has contributed less than one quarter to the observed tropospheric anomaly. The observed anomaly is consistent with two recent model simulations, which assume emission reductions similar to those caused by the COVID-19 crisis. COVID-19 related emission reductions appear to be the major cause for the observed low free tropospheric ozone in 2020.