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\begin{document}

\title{Southern Ocean calcification controls the global distribution of
alkalinity}



\author[1]{Kristen Marie Krumhardt}%
\author[2]{Matthew C. Long}%
\author[2]{Keith Lindsay}%
\author[2]{Michael N Levy}%
\affil[1]{National Center for Atmospheric Research}%
\affil[2]{National Center for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)}%


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  \date{June 08, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Biological processes in Southern Ocean surface waters have widespread
impacts on global productivity and oceanic CO2 storage. Here, we
demonstrate that biological calcification in the Southern Ocean exerts a
strong control the global distribution of alkalinity. The signature of
Southern Ocean calcification is evident in observations as a depletion
of potential alkalinity within portions of Subantarctic Mode and
Intermediate water. Experiments with an ocean general circulation model
indicate that calcification and subsequent sinking of biogenic carbonate
in this region effectively transfers alkalinity between the upper and
lower cells of the meridional overturning circulation. Southern Ocean
calcification traps alkalinity in the deep ocean; decreasing
calcification permits more alkalinity to leak out from the Southern
Ocean, yielding increased alkalinity in the upper cell and low-latitude
surface waters. These processes have implications for the
atmosphere-ocean partitioning of carbon. Reductions in Southern Ocean
calcification increase the buffer capacity of surface waters globally,
thereby enhancing the ocean's ability to absorb carbon from the
atmosphere. This study highlights the critical role of Southern Ocean
calcification in determining global alkalinity distributions,
demonstrating that changes in this process have the potential for
widespread consequences impacting air-sea partitioning of CO2.%
\end{abstract}%



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