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\begin{document}

\title{Electrical ocean conductivity variability from observations and its
budget from an ocean state estimate}



\author[1]{David Samuel Trossman}%
\author[2]{Robert Tyler}%
\affil[1]{University of Maryland-College Park}%
\affil[2]{University of Maryland, Baltimore County}%


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  \date{June 14, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Because spatio-temporal variations in ocean heat content (OHC) are
strongly predicted by ocean conductivity content (OCC) over most of the
global ocean, we analyze the dynamical budget and behavior of the
electrical conductivity of seawater. To perform these analyses, we use
an ocean-model state estimate designed to accurately represent long-term
variations in ocean properties in a dynamically and kinematically
consistent way. We show that this model accurately reproduces the
spatio-temporal variations in electrical conductivity seen in
satellite-derived and in a seasonal climatology product derived from
in-situ data, justifying use of the model data to perform further
analyses. An empirical orthogonal function analysis suggests that the
vast majority of the variance in OHC and OCC can be explained by similar
mechanisms. The electrical conductivity budget's most important term is
the temperature forcing tendency term, suggesting that ocean heat uptake
is the mechanism responsible for the strong relationship between OCC and
OHC.%
\end{abstract}%



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