Figure Captions
Fig. 1 Estimated storm tide levels (m above Wusong Datum) along the
Shanghai region coast for 10- (a), 100- (b) and 1000-year (c) return
periods under the current climate.
Fig. 2 Estimated flood return period curves at six selected gauge
stations around Shanghai for the NCAR/NCEP current climate (black) and
2050 (0.5 m; orange) and 2100 (1.36 m; purple) sea levels. The x axis is
the return period (year) and the y axis is the flood level (m above
Wusong Datum). The shade area represents the 95% confidence interval.
The green line represents the crest level of seawall at the gauge
stations. The red line represents the peak water level recorded at gauge
stations during Typhoon Winnie. The blue dot represents the flood return
period level estimated by SWA using a Pearson-III distribution based on
annual maximum values of recorded historical water levels at the gauge
stations.
Fig. 3 Three worst-case coastal flood inundation scenarios in Shanghai.
(a-c) Typhoon A, B and C induced coastal inundations under the current
climate; (d-f) Typhoon A, B and C induced coastal inundations under the
2050 sea level (0.5 m); (g-i) Typhoon A, B and C induced flood
inundations under the 2100 sea level (1.36 m). The black curve in the
insert shows the storm track and the black star shows the location with
the maximum water level during the storm (a, b, c). The storm parameters
at landfall are: (a, d, g) Typhoon A: maximum wind speed
Vm = 46.9 m/s, minimum sea-level pressure
Pc = 958.8 mb, radius of maximum wind Rm= 81.2 km, and translation speed Ut = 13.4 m/s; (b, e,
h) Typhoon B: Vm = 51.0 m/s, Pc = 952.4
mb, Rm = 80.1 km, and Ut = 9.0 m/s; (c,
f, j) Typhoon C: Vm = 52.0 m/s, Pc =
951.5 mb, Rm = 63.7 km, and Ut = 6.7
m/s.