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\begin{document}

\title{A novel high-resolution in situ tool for studying carbon biogeochemical
processes in aquatic systems: The Lake Aiguebelette case study}



\author[1]{Roberto Grilli}%
\author[2]{Tonya DelSontro}%
\author[3]{Josette Garnier}%
\author[4]{Frederick Jacob}%
\author[5]{Julien Némery}%
\affil[1]{Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering), IGE}%
\affil[2]{Université du Québec à Montréal}%
\affil[3]{CNRS \& University Pierre and Marie Curie}%
\affil[4]{Electricité de France, Hydro Engineering Centre}%
\affil[5]{University of Grenoble Alpes /CNRS/IRD,}%


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  \date{June 15, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Lakes and reservoirs are a significant source of atmospheric methane
(CH\textsubscript{4}), with emissions comparable to the largest global
CH\textsubscript{4} emitters. Understanding the processes leading to
such significant emissions from aquatic systems is therefore of primary
importance for producing more accurate projections of emissions in a
changing climate. In this work, we present the first deployment of a
novel membrane inlet laser spectrometer (MILS) for fast simultaneous
detection of dissolved CH\textsubscript{4},
C\textsubscript{2}H\textsubscript{6} and
d\textsuperscript{13}CH\textsubscript{4}. During a 1-day field campaign,
we performed 2D mapping of surface water of Lake Aiguebelette (France).
In the littoral (pelagic) area, average dissolved CH\textsubscript{4}
concentrations and d\textsuperscript{13}CH\textsubscript{4} were 391.9 \selectlanguage{ngerman}±
156.3 (169.8 ± 26.6) nmol L\textsuperscript{-1} and -67.3 ± 3.4 (-61.5 ±
3.6) \selectlanguage{english}%0, respectively. The dissolved CH\textsubscript{4} concentration in
the pelagic zone was fifty times larger than the concentration expected
at equilibrium with the atmosphere, confirming an oversaturation of
dissolved CH\textsubscript{4} in surface waters over shallow and deep
areas. The results suggest the presence of CH\textsubscript{4} sources
less enriched in \textsuperscript{13}C in the littoral zone (presumably
the littoral sediments). The CH\textsubscript{4} pool became more
enriched in \textsuperscript{13}C with distance from shore, suggesting
that oxidation prevailed over epilimnetic CH\textsubscript{4}
production, that was further confirmed by an isotopic mass balance
technique with the high-resolution transect data. This new \emph{in
situ} fast response sensor allows to obtain unique high-resolution and
high-spatial coverage datasets within a limited amount of survey time.
This tool will be useful in the future for studying processes governing
CH\textsubscript{4} dynamics in aquatic systems.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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