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\begin{document}

\title{Radiocarbon analysis reveals underestimation of soil organic carbon
persistence in new-generation soil models}



\author[1]{Alexander Sohrab Brunmayr}%
\author[2]{Frank Hagedorn}%
\author[2]{Margaux Moreno Duborgel}%
\author[2]{Luisa Isabell Minich}%
\author[1]{Heather Graven}%
\affil[1]{Imperial College London}%
\affil[2]{Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research}%


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  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Reflecting recent advances in our understanding of soil organic carbon
(SOC) turnover and persistence, a new generation of models increasingly
makes the distinction between the more labile soil particulate organic
matter (POM) and the more persistent mineral-associated organic matter
(MAOM). Unlike the typically poorly defined conceptual pools of
traditional SOC models, the POM and MAOM pools can be directly measured
for their carbon content and isotopic composition, allowing for
pool-specific data assimilation. However, the new-generation models'
predictions of POM and MAOM dynamics have not yet been validated with
pool-specific carbon and 14C observations. In this study, we evaluate 5
influential and actively developed new-generation models (CORPSE,
Millennial, MEND, MIMICS, SOMic) with pool-specific and bulk soil 14C
measurements of 77 mineral topsoil profiles in the International Soil
Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD). We find that all 5 models consistently
overestimate the 14C content (\selectlanguage{greek}Δ\selectlanguage{english}14C) of POM by 67%0 on average, and 3 out
of the 5 models also strongly overestimate the \selectlanguage{greek}Δ\selectlanguage{english}14C of MAOM by 74%0 on
average, indicating that the models generally overestimate the turnover
rates of SOC and do not adequately represent the long-term stabilization
of carbon in soils. These results call for more widespread usage of
pool-specific carbon and 14C measurements for parameter calibration, and
may even suggest that some new-generation models might need to
restructure their simulated pools (e.g. by adding inert pools to POM and
MAOM) in order to accurately reproduce SOC dynamics.%
\end{abstract}%



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