2.2 Participants
Participants were recruited through the Human Phenotyping Core facility of the Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, clinical referrals, and word-of-mouth. Exclusion criteria for study participation included: (1) a history of seizures or head trauma, (2) a known genetic disorder, (3) abnormal hearing or vision. Participants were screened for normal or corrected-to-normal vision using a Snellen eye test, and normal hearing was confirmed by audiometric threshold evaluation. For typically developing (TD) participants, additional exclusion criteria included (1) a history of developmental, educational, or psychiatric diagnoses, (2) a first-degree relative with a known developmental disorder. Inclusion in the clinical group required an ASD diagnosis confirmed by a licensed clinical psychologist (see section 2.3 Clinical Phenotyping). Written, informed consent was obtained by the parent or legal guardian prior to study participation. Verbal and written assent was obtained from each child participant. All procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and the City College of New York. Participants were compensated between $10 to $15 an hour in accordance with university standard at the time of data collection (between 2006 and 2019). Data from 334 participants were collected. Following participant matching based on age, sex, and IQ, and participant exclusion due to EEG quality (see section 2.7 Quality Control), a subset of 84 TD participants and 84 ASD participants were chosen for the final sample (Table 1 , Figure S1 )