AKI definition and intervention
AKI was defined according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) guidelines [18]. Urinalysis, renal ultrasonography, measurements for blood erythrocyte morphology, and measurements of the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) performed at AKI onset. Time to AKI was defined as the interval between anti-TB treatment initiation and AKI onset. Renal recovery was defined as the return of serum creatinine level to the baseline level when the initial serum creatinine level had not fit the KDIGO AKI criteria. AKI duration was defined as the interval between AKI onset and renal recovery.