Complications
The number of complications that occurred in each group from the studies was combined in a meta-analysis, as shown in Figure 2. Hence, the calculated I2 showed no heterogeneity, and the fixed-effect model was used to calculate the risk ratio (RR). There was a trend of a lower risk of complications with the use of IGS, although it did not reach statistical significance (risk ratio: 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.20-1.41; p = 0.20).29-31