Figure legends
FIGURE 1 Plant key traits (plant height, leaf size, seed mass,
fruit width, blade length and stem height) of (a) palms, (b) other
monocots, (c) dicots, and (d) gymnosperms mapped onto a plant phylogeny.
Bars at the phylogenetic tree indicate seed mass or fruit width
(olivine), leaf size or maximum blade length (green) and maximum plant
or stem height (dark brown).
FIGURE 2 Phylogenetic signal test of key traits of palms (a:
fruit width; b: blade length; c: stem height), other monocots (d: seed
mass; e: leaf size; f: plant height), dicots (g: seed mass; h: leaf
area; i: plant height), and gymnosperms (j: seed mass; k: leaf area; l:
plant height).
FIGURE 3 Significant correlation of seed mass (or fruit width)
with leaf size (or blade length) and plant height (or stem height)
across palms (a and b), other monocots (c and d), dicots (e and f), and
gymnosperms (g and h). Significant effect was detected based on
phylogenetic generalized linear mixed models (PGLMM, see Table 2).
FIGURE 4 The location of palms, other monocots, dicots, and
gymnosperms in a multivariate trait space illustrated by the first two
axes of a principal component analysis (PCA) based on trait information
on seed mass (fruit width), leaf size (blade length), and plant height
(stem height). All data were log-transformed. Nonparametric multivariate
analysis of variance (per-MANOVA) shows significant overall shifts in
community structure (P < 0.001, R2 =
0.154, permutations = 999). PC1 and PC2 together account for 87.3% of
the variability in the data.
FIGURE 5 The relative contribution of different factors to the
variation in seed mass (fruit width) of (a) palms, (b) other monocots,
(c) dicots, and (d) gymnosperms using partial R2 for
the logistic regression model.
FIGURE S1 Correlation of fruit width with seed width (a) and
fruit volume (b) of palms. Log transformation was performed on the data.