1. INTRODUCTION
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the
most effective curative therapy for several hematological malignancies
and bone marrow failure disease in pediatric patients. However,
transplantation-related complications provide a serious threat to the
long-term survival of patients, one of which is
transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA). TA-TMA
is characterized by microvascular hemolytic anemia and
thrombocytopenia1. The fundamental trigger to onset of
TA-TMA is vascular endothelial injury. In addition to the widening of
the sub-endothelial space and platelet thrombosis, multiple organ
dysfunction also tends to occur particularly of the kidney, heart,
intestine, lungs, and brain2. Currently, the diagnosis
and treatment of TA-TMA in pediatric patients is still in the
exploratory stage. In this paper, we retrospectively analyzed the
clinical characteristics of 20 pediatric patients with TA-TMA, and
hereby present the diagnosis, clinical sequelae, and outcomes.